Basic Economic Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of opportunity cost?

  • A student buys a new laptop for school.
  • A government increases taxes to fund public education.
  • A farmer chooses to plant corn instead of wheat on their land. (correct)
  • A family decides to save money for a future vacation.

What is the primary focus of macroeconomics?

  • The stock market performance of specific companies
  • The operation of individual firms
  • Individual consumer behavior
  • The overall performance of the national economy (correct)

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic economic questions that every society must answer?

  • When to produce? (correct)
  • What to produce?
  • How to produce?
  • For whom to produce?

In economics, what does 'scarcity' primarily refer to?

<p>Limited resources in relation to unlimited wants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic system is characterized by private ownership of resources and the use of prices to coordinate economic activity?

<p>Market economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of fiscal policy?

<p>To influence the economy through government spending and taxation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key indicator of economic growth?

<p>An increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of money in an economy?

<p>To serve as a medium of exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector of the economy is responsible for extracting raw materials from the earth?

<p>Primary sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of demand state?

<p>As price increases, quantity demanded decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inflation?

<p>A sustained increase in the general price level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a public good?

<p>A national defense system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the central bank in an economy?

<p>To regulate and oversee the commercial banking system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of a perfectly competitive market?

<p>Many buyers and sellers with homogeneous products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measure?

<p>The total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a tool used in monetary policy?

<p>Interest rate adjustments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a tariff on imported goods?

<p>It increases the price of imported goods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept describes the situation where one country can produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another country?

<p>Comparative advantage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a market?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of goods and services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a country's exports are greater than its imports, what is this called?

<p>Trade surplus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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