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Questions and Answers
What major technological advancement characterized second-generation computers?
Which computer was the first commercially available electronic computer?
What was the primary internal storage technology in second-generation computers?
Which programming language was developed to help teach programming during the second generation of computers?
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What was a significant disadvantage of first-generation computers?
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Who developed the first operational electronic digital computer?
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During which period did computers begin to rely on integrated circuits?
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What was a critical feature of first-generation computers that often led to breakdowns?
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What is the primary function of the microprocessor in fourth-generation computers?
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Which computer was the first personal computer easily available to the public?
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What significant feature did the Apple II personal computer introduce?
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Which of the following programming languages was developed for the Unix Operating system?
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What was the focus of the Fifth Generation Computer Systems initiative started in 1982 in Japan?
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Which program was the first spreadsheet software released for microcomputers?
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What type of memory technology began to replace magnetic core internal memories?
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Who were the creators of the C programming language?
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What is the primary role of a computer in data handling?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic functions of a computer?
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What does GIGO stand for in computer science?
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In the context of computer functions, what does 'storage' refer to?
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Which statement accurately describes data?
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What is a key limitation of a computer based on its capabilities?
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Which of these is considered a capability of a computer?
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What is meant by 'retrieve' in terms of computer functions?
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Study Notes
Definition of a Computer
- A computer is an electronic device that processes, stores, and outputs data quickly based on programmed instructions.
- It consists of five basic elements: electronic (powered by electricity), programmable (follows set instructions), storage (stores large amounts of data), retrieval (access stored data), and processing (transforms data into useful information).
Data vs. Information
- Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts without meaning; it becomes useful information after manipulation.
- Information is processed data, transformed into a context that makes it valuable.
Four Basic Functions of a Computer
- Input: Feeding or entering data into a computer.
- Process: Manipulating and transforming data into useful information via programs.
- Output: The result produced from processing data.
- Storage: Saving data and outputs for future use.
Capabilities of Computers
- Capable of processing data quickly and accurately.
- Can operate tirelessly, performing multiple tasks simultaneously.
- Able to store, recall, and verify information.
Limitations of Computers
- Require human intervention for operation.
- Have a limited lifespan and do not independently formulate information.
- Generated information depends on user input and cannot replace the human brain's capabilities.
History of Computers
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First Generation (1951-1958): Featured vacuum tubes; large, slow, and expensive.
- ENIAC, developed in 1945, was the first operational electronic digital computer.
- UNIVAC-1 was the first commercially available electronic computer.
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Second Generation (1958-1964): Introduced transistors to replace vacuum tubes; enhanced storage with magnetic tapes and disks.
- Grace Hopper developed COBOL, while the PDP-8, the first minicomputer, was released by DEC.
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Third Generation (1964-1974): Used integrated circuits, replacing transistors for more compact designs.
- The C programming language and UNIX operating system were developed during this period.
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Fourth Generation (1971-Present): Advanced technology to microprocessors, allowing for powerful personal computers.
- Notable releases include the Altair 8080 and Apple II, which featured color graphics and widespread business utility with VisiCalc.
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Fifth Generation (1982-Onward): Focuses on connectivity with massively parallel computing and logic programming as hallmarks.
- Initiated by Japan's Ministry of International Trade to enhance computer user connectivity.
Conclusion
- Computers have evolved through distinct generations characterized by significant technological advancements, impacting their capabilities and applications across various fields.
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Description
This quiz covers foundational knowledge of basic computer concepts as introduced by Yurie Masuli. It defines what a computer is and explores its essential components. Perfect for beginners looking to understand the core elements of computer operation.
