Basic Components of a Network

Study Notes

Definition: Manages network resources, software, and files.
Functionality: Dedicated to specific tasks (e.g., file server for storage, print server for printers).

Purpose: Individual computers used in networking, similar to personal computers.
Connection: Linked to servers and other computers in the network.

Location: Installed inside the system unit, part of the motherboard.
Function: Enables communication over a network and provides physical access to the network medium.

Types: Can be wired (twisted pair, axial, fiber optics) or wireless (satellite, microwaves, radio waves).
Function: Allow data exchange between interconnected computers in a network.

Personal Area Network (PAN):
- Connects personal devices (e.g., phones, laptops) over a short range (meters).
- Connectivity via USB for wired; Bluetooth and Wi-Fi for wireless.
Local Area Network (LAN):
- Interconnects computers within a limited area (e.g., buildings).
- Typically managed by a single entity and can use Wi-Fi (WLAN).
Wide Area Network (WAN):
- Covers extensive geographical areas (cities, countries).
- The Internet is the largest example of a WAN.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):
- Connects computers within a specific geographical area, such as city branches of an organization.

Structure: Comprises a powerful server connected to multiple client computers.
Server Role: Supports numerous clients with robust resources (Centrally stores files, databases, and applications).
Client Role: Contains software that fulfills user needs, sending requests to the server.

Accessing a bank account involves a client program sending a request to the bank's server, which then retrieves and returns the account data.

Advantage: Centralized data management enhances security (e.g., password protection).
Disadvantage: Potential system overload from too many client requests can occur.