Basic Components of a Network

Basic Components of a Network

• Network Devices: Hardware that connects computers within a network.

Servers

• Definition: Manages network resources, software, and files.
• Functionality: Dedicated to specific tasks (e.g., file server for storage, print server for printers).

Workstations

• Purpose: Individual computers used in networking, similar to personal computers.
• Connection: Linked to servers and other computers in the network.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

• Location: Installed inside the system unit, part of the motherboard.
• Function: Enables communication over a network and provides physical access to the network medium.

Hubs

• Connectivity: Connects multiple devices, forming a single network segment.
• Data Transfer: Distributes data from an NIC to all connected computers.

Transmission Channels

• Types: Can be wired (twisted pair, axial, fiber optics) or wireless (satellite, microwaves, radio waves).
• Function: Allow data exchange between interconnected computers in a network.

Network Types by Geographical Area

• Personal Area Network (PAN):

  • Connects personal devices (e.g., phones, laptops) over a short range (meters).
  • Connectivity via USB for wired; Bluetooth and Wi-Fi for wireless.

• Local Area Network (LAN):

  • Interconnects computers within a limited area (e.g., buildings).
  • Typically managed by a single entity and can use Wi-Fi (WLAN).

• Wide Area Network (WAN):

  • Covers extensive geographical areas (cities, countries).
  • The Internet is the largest example of a WAN.

• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):

  • Connects computers within a specific geographical area, such as city branches of an organization.

Client-Server Architecture

• Structure: Comprises a powerful server connected to multiple client computers.
• Server Role: Supports numerous clients with robust resources (Centrally stores files, databases, and applications).
• Client Role: Contains software that fulfills user needs, sending requests to the server.

Example Scenario

• Accessing a bank account involves a client program sending a request to the bank's server, which then retrieves and returns the account data.

Advantages & Disadvantages

• Advantage: Centralized data management enhances security (e.g., password protection).
• Disadvantage: Potential system overload from too many client requests can occur.