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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of chemically stable elements?
What is the primary characteristic of chemically stable elements?
- Their outermost energy level is full. (correct)
- They always exist as ions.
- Their outermost energy level is not full.
- They readily form ionic bonds.
Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms?
Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms?
- Ionic bond (correct)
- Covalent bond
- Polar bond
- Hydrogen bond
What is the consequence of placing an ionic compound in water?
What is the consequence of placing an ionic compound in water?
- The bonds break, leading to the formation of ions. (correct)
- The ionic bond strengthens.
- The compound becomes non-polar.
- The electrons are shared equally.
Which of the following best describes the nature of the bonds in large biomolecules, such as lipids and proteins?
Which of the following best describes the nature of the bonds in large biomolecules, such as lipids and proteins?
What determines whether a molecule will dissolve in water?
What determines whether a molecule will dissolve in water?
Flashcards
Chemically Stable Elements
Chemically Stable Elements
Inert elements with a full outermost energy level, non-reactive and do not form chemical bonds.
Ionic Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Chemical bonds formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.
Covalent Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in large molecules.
Polarity in Molecules
Polarity in Molecules
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Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen Bonding
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Study Notes
Basic Chemistry
- Chemical Language:
- Chemically stable elements - outer most energy level full, non reactive, no chemical bonding
- Chemically active elements - outer most energy level not full
Two Types of Chemical Bonds
- Ionic Bonds:
- Transfer of electrons
- Absence of water: salts
- Presence of water: chemical bonds break, charged atoms become ions (electrolytes)
- Metal donates electrons, non-metal receives electrons
- Cation (positive ion): fewer electrons than protons
- Anion (negative ion): more electrons than protons
- Example: NaCl (sodium chloride)
- Covalent Bonds:
- Sharing of electrons
- Bonds are strong and stable in water
- Make very large molecules: lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
- Single, double, or triple bonds
Rules for Covalent Bonds
- Sharing electrons:
- Single bond: sharing 1 electron
- Double bond: sharing 2 electrons
- Triple bond: sharing 3 electrons
- Polar vs Non-polar Covalent Bonds:
- Unequal sharing of electrons = polar bonds (ex: water)
- Equal sharing = non-polar bonds (ex: carbon-carbon)
- Polar molecules will dissolve in water, non-polar molecules will not.
Hydrogen Bonds
- Hydrogen bonds: Weak interaction between hydrogen atoms and electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) in adjacent molecules
- Importance: crucial for water's properties, such as high boiling point and cohesion.
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