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Questions and Answers
What is the charge of a proton?
What is the charge of a proton?
An atom with a charge other than neutral is called a proton.
An atom with a charge other than neutral is called a proton.
False
What is the simplest form of matter?
What is the simplest form of matter?
Element
The formula for water is __________.
The formula for water is __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What does the atomic number indicate?
What does the atomic number indicate?
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Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.
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What happens to the number of protons when an atom changes into a different element?
What happens to the number of protons when an atom changes into a different element?
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Study Notes
Basic Chemistry
- Elements are the simplest form of matter, indivisible into simpler substances.
- The periodic table contains 120 known elements, each with a unique symbol (e.g., Au for gold).
- Atoms are the building blocks of elements.
- Atoms consist of:
- Protons: Positively charged, located in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: Neutral, located in the nucleus, similar size to protons.
- Electrons: Negatively charged, orbit the nucleus, much smaller than protons or neutrons.
- Atomic number: The number above the element symbol, representing the number of protons (and in a neutral atom, electrons).
- Atomic mass: The number below the element symbol, representing the total number of protons and neutrons.
- To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass.
- Ions form when the number of electrons changes, altering the charge of the atom.
- Changing the number of protons changes the element.
- Isotopes form when the number of neutrons changes; they are generally unstable and radioactive.
- Compounds result from two or more elements bonded together.
- Ionic bonds occur when one atom donates an electron to another.
- Covalent bonds occur when atoms share electrons.
- Molecules are the smallest functional units of compounds. For example, H₂O is a single water molecule.
- The pH scale measures the concentration of free hydrogen ions in a solution.
- A pH of 7 is neutral.
- A pH of less than 7 is acidic.
- A pH of greater than 7 is alkaline (basic).
- A change of one whole number on the pH scale represents a ten-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration. A pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the fundamental concepts of chemistry. This quiz covers topics such as elements, atomic structure, and the periodic table. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of basic chemistry principles.
