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Questions and Answers
When the atom's total electric charge is ______, it is said to be neutrally charged.
zero
A ______ element means that all the elements present are of the same type.
pure
Atom, Molecule, and ______ describe the arrangement of the particles.
Lattice
A ______ is a substance made up of only one type of atom.
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A ______ is a combination of two or more types of elements or compounds that are physically combined but not chemically bonded.
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In a chemical formula, the subscript (little number at the bottom) tells us how many ______ of each element are present.
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The number of protons and neutrons in the atom is called the ______ number.
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The symbol that tells us the atomic number and the mass number for an atom is called the ______ symbol.
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Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called ______.
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The process of a nucleus disintegrating into a smaller nucleus is called ______ decay.
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The type of radiation that is a release of 2 protons and neutrons is called ______ radiation.
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The type of radiation that is an electromagnetic wave with short wavelength and high frequency is called ______ radiation.
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Study Notes
Properties of Atoms
- An atom is neutrally charged when its total electric charge is zero.
- A pure element is a substance that consists of only one type of atom.
Types of Particles
- Atom: a single particle
- Molecule: a small group of atoms bonded together
- Lattice: a large, regular 3D structure of atoms
Types of Substances
- Element: a substance made up of only one type of atom (e.g., Cl, H, Mg)
- Compound: a substance made up of more than one type of atom (e.g., H2O or NaCl)
- Mixture: a combination of two or more types of elements or compounds that are physically combined but not chemically bonded (e.g., apple, cake, tree trunk)
Chemical Formulas
- All elements have a unique symbol that is 1 or 2 letters, with the first letter capitalized and the second letter in lowercase (if applicable)
- Subscripts (small numbers) indicate the number of atoms of each element present (e.g., Mg = 1 magnesium, Cl2 = 2 chlorine, H2O = 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen)
- Subscripts outside brackets can be expanded to all elements within the brackets
Atomic Structure
- Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
- Proton: positively charged, located in the nucleus, 1 amu (atomic mass unit)
- Neutron: no charge, located in the nucleus, 1 amu
- Electron: negatively charged, located outside the nucleus (very small mass, can be ignored)
Atomic Number and Nucleus Symbol
- Atomic number: the number of protons and neutrons in an atom (cannot be determined from the periodic table alone)
- Nucleus symbol: provides the atomic number and mass number for an atom
Isotopes
- Atoms of the same element always have the same number of protons (e.g., 17Cl = 17 protons)
- Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers (isotopes)
- Examples of isotopes include carbon, with 3 different isotopes
Radioactivity
- Radioactivity: the emission of radiation from an atom's nucleus during radioactive decay
- Radioactive decay: the spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a smaller nucleus
- Radioisotopes: isotopes with unstable nuclei that emit radiation to achieve a more stable atomic state
- Types of nuclear radiation:
- Alpha radiation: release of 2 protons and neutrons, largest and slowest
- Beta radiation: decay of a neutron into a proton and electron, emitted from the nucleus
- Gamma radiation: electromagnetic wave with short wavelength, high frequency, and high energy, no mass and no charge, very fast (speed of light)
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of chemistry, including the structure of atoms, molecules, and compounds. It also introduces terms such as elements and mixtures.
