Basic Air Conditioning Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius?

  • Latent heat
  • BTU
  • Kilo-Calorie (correct)
  • Sensible heat

What type of heat results in a rise of temperature when applied to a body?

  • Enthalpy
  • Sensible heat (correct)
  • Latent heat
  • Critical heat

What happens to a gas when it is above its critical temperature?

  • It loses its enthalpy
  • It condenses into a liquid without any pressure change
  • It cannot be liquefied by increasing the pressure (correct)
  • It can be easily liquefied by cooling

Which of the following represents the latent heat of evaporation of water?

<p>Both B and C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pressure affect the boiling point of water?

<p>Increased pressure raises the boiling point (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the total heat content in a vapor?

<p>Enthalpy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of fusion of ice in terms of BTUs per pound?

<p>144 BTUs/lb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following measurements is equivalent to 1 Kilo-Calorie?

<p>3.97 BTU (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of latent heat?

<p>It changes the state of a substance without changing its temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does water boil under atmospheric pressure?

<p>100°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary measurement associated with Psychrometry?

<p>Moisture Content in Air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) measure?

<p>Temperature of air measured by an ordinary thermometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) measurement have on the mercury column in the thermometer?

<p>It drops as moisture evaporates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the difference between DBT and WBT change as air is cooled?

<p>It decreases until reaching zero at saturation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point are Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) equal?

<p>At complete saturation of air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Dew Point Temperature (DPT)?

<p>The temperature at which moisture starts condensing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Effective Temperature (ET) combine to determine?

<p>Temperature, humidity, and air movement effects on comfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to moisture in the air when it is cooled further after reaching saturation?

<p>It is expelled from air and condenses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as air is heated regarding DBT and WBT?

<p>DBT increases and WBT increases at a slower rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between relative humidity and the difference between DBT and WBT?

<p>An increase in humidity decreases this difference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit conversion factor between Kilo-Calorie and BTU?

<p>1 Kcal = 3.97 BTU (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heat is responsible for changing the state of a substance without altering its temperature?

<p>Latent heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the boiling point of water if the pressure is lowered below atmospheric levels?

<p>The boiling point decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stage can a gas be liquefied solely by increasing the pressure without lowering its temperature?

<p>Below its critical temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of fusion of ice in Kilo-Calorie per kilogram?

<p>80 k.cal/kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between enthalpy and its components?

<p>Enthalpy is the sum of sensible and latent heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of evaporation of water in Kilo-Calorie per kilogram?

<p>538.75 k.cal/kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is defined as the total heat content in a vapor?

<p>Enthalpy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for water to boil at a temperature lower than 100°C?

<p>Decreased pressure or vacuum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sensible heat differ from latent heat?

<p>Sensible heat changes temperature; latent heat changes state. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) measurement?

<p>To determine the moisture content of air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the difference between Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) change with an increase in humidity?

<p>The difference decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Dew Point Temperature (DPT) of 100% relative humidity indicate?

<p>Complete condensation of moisture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Effective Temperature (ET) primarily used to assess?

<p>Comfort levels in varying environmental conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to moisture in the air as the temperature continues to drop after reaching saturation?

<p>Moisture condenses and is expelled from the air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the term Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)?

<p>The temperature of air measured by a conventional thermometer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In psychrometry, what is the significance of the principle of latent heat during the Wet Bulb Temperature measurement?

<p>It results in a physical cooling effect on the thermometer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Wet Bulb Temperature as the air is heated?

<p>It increases at a slower rate than DBT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the properties of specific refrigerants compared to water?

<p>Their boiling points are generally lower than that of water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the behavior of water boiling at an increased pressure?

<p>It boils at a higher temperature than atmospheric pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes sensible heat?

<p>It can be measured by a thermometer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between pressure and gas liquefaction at temperatures below critical points?

<p>Gas can be liquefied by lowering temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent measurement of 1 Kilo-Calorie in BTUs?

<p>3.97 BTU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the boiling point of a liquid in a vacuum?

<p>It decreases and can boil at a lower temperature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is critical temperature in relation to gas states?

<p>It's the temperature above which a gas can be liquefied. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines enthalpy?

<p>The total heat content of a vapor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) in relation to air humidity?

<p>It indicates a lower temperature at higher humidity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what condition do the Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) become equal?

<p>When the air is saturated with moisture. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens as the pressure is decreased on a boiling liquid?

<p>The boiling point decreases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when air is cooled further after reaching saturation?

<p>Additional moisture condenses out of the air. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Dew Point Temperature (DPT)?

<p>The temperature where moisture starts condensing in the air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective Temperature (ET) is defined as:

<p>An index combining temperature, humidity, and air movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) as air is heated?

<p>WBT increases, but slower than DBT. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) is primarily measured with:

<p>An ordinary thermometer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What device or method measures the amount of moisture content in the air?

<p>Psychrometry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates 100% relative humidity?

<p>Dew Point Temperature (DPT). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The difference between Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) indicates:

<p>Relative humidity levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) as humidity increases?

<p>It increases but at a slower rate compared to Dry Bulb Temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the fact that Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) are equal?

<p>The air is fully saturated with water vapor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the temperature at which moisture in the air begins to condense?

<p>Dew Point Temperature (DPT) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of psychrometry, what does Effective Temperature (ET) combine?

<p>Temperature, humidity, and air movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the difference between DBT and WBT as air is cooled?

<p>It decreases until it reaches zero at saturation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor does Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) depend on during measurement?

<p>The relative humidity of the surrounding air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best identifies the relationship between DBT, WBT, and humidity?

<p>Higher humidity results in a smaller difference between DBT and WBT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher Effective Temperature (ET) indicate in relation to human comfort?

<p>Increased comfort levels in a noise-free environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences the boiling point of water when changed?

<p>The atmospheric pressure exerted on it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes latent heat from sensible heat?

<p>Latent heat does not result in a temperature change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of enthalpy in thermodynamics?

<p>It represents the total energy of a system including work done. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What amount of heat is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius?

<p>1 Kilo-Calorie (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when pressure is applied to a boiling liquid?

<p>The boiling point will generally increase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the transformation of ice to water illustrate latent heat?

<p>It absorbs heat without a temperature change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit of measurement is equivalent to 1 Kilo-Calorie?

<p>3.97 BTUs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines whether a gas can be liquefied when above its critical temperature?

<p>The increase in pressure applied to the gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the change in boiling point of water under varying pressure conditions?

<p>Boiling point increases with increased pressure and decreases with lowered pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of enthalpy in thermodynamic processes?

<p>It is the total sum of all forms of heat in a system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the latent heat of evaporation when the temperature of water increases?

<p>It may increase due to enhanced molecular activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about sensible heat is true?

<p>It can be measured directly using a thermometer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which condition can water boil at a temperature below 100°C?

<p>When a vacuum exists above its surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measurement indicates the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit?

<p>One BTU (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of critical temperature for gas behavior?

<p>It indicates the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied regardless of pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of measuring Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT)?

<p>To evaluate the cooling effect of evaporation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the difference between Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) change with increasing humidity?

<p>The difference decreases until it reaches zero at saturation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what Dew Point Temperature (DPT) is relative humidity considered to be 100%?

<p>When air is saturated with vapor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Effective Temperature (ET) combine to assess human comfort?

<p>Temperature, humidity, and air movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when air is cooled further after reaching its saturation point?

<p>Moisture in the air condenses and is expelled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property defines the concept of Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)?

<p>The temperature of air without considering humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In psychrometry, how is the relationship between Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) described when air is heated?

<p>DBT increases faster than WBT, widening the difference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of measuring Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) in relation to air humidity?

<p>It assesses the moisture capacity of the air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Kilo-calorie

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.

BTU

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1°F.

Sensible Heat

Heat that causes a rise in temperature when applied to a substance.

Latent Heat

Heat that changes a substance's state without changing the temperature.

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Enthalpy

The total heat content of a vapor, a combination of sensible and latent heat.

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Critical Temperature (Tc)

The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied.

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Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas at a specific pressure.

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Pressure and Boiling Point

Increased pressure raises the boiling point; decreased pressure lowers the boiling point.

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Latent Heat of Fusion (Ice)

The heat required to change 1 kg of ice to water without changing temperature.

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Latent Heat of Evaporation (Water)

Heat needed to turn 1 kg of water to vapor without temperature change.

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Psychrometry

The measurement of moisture content in air.

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Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)

The temperature of air measured by a standard thermometer.

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Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT)

Air temperature measured by a thermometer with a wetted cloth around its bulb.

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Dew Point Temperature (DPT)

The temperature at which air's moisture begins condensing on a surface.

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Relative Humidity

The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum it can hold at that temperature.

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Effective Temperature (ET)

A combination of temperature, humidity, and air movement affecting human comfort.

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Saturated Air

Air holding the maximum possible water vapor at a given temperature.

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Cooling effect of evaporation

Process causing a wet bulb thermometer to show a lower temperature because water evaporates and removes latent heat energy from the bulb.

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Boiling point relationship with refrigerants/water

The range of boiling points are lower for refrigerants comparing to water.

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Dry bulb temperature change and humidity

Increased dry bulb temperature associated with a wider difference between dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, indicative of lower humidity.

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What is a Kilo-calorie?

The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

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What is a BTU?

The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.

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What is Enthalpy?

The total heat content of a vapor, a combination of sensible and latent heat.

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Critical Temperature

The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied.

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Boiling Point and Pressure

The boiling point of a liquid increases with increasing pressure and decreases with decreasing pressure.

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Vacuum and Boiling

Water boils at a lower temperature under a vacuum because the pressure is reduced.

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Boiling points of Refrigerants

Refrigerants have lower boiling points compared to water.

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Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb Temperatures

A larger difference between dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures indicates lower humidity.

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What is Psychrometry?

The study of moisture content in air, specifically the measurement and understanding of the amount of water vapor present.

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What is Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT)?

The temperature of air measured by a standard thermometer, representing the actual air temperature.

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What is Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT)?

The temperature of air measured by a thermometer with a wetted cloth around its bulb, indicating the temperature after evaporation cools the bulb.

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What is Dew Point Temperature (DPT)?

The temperature at which air's moisture starts to condense on a surface, signalling the point of saturation.

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What is Effective Temperature (ET)?

A combined measure of temperature, humidity, and air movement affecting human comfort, it summarizes the overall feeling of warmth or coolness.

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How does Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT) relate to humidity?

A larger difference between DBT and WBT indicates lower humidity, while a smaller difference suggests higher humidity.

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How does increased DBT affect humidity?

As DBT rises, the difference between DBT and WBT widens, leading to a lower humidity level.

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How does cooling air affect humidity?

Cooling air becomes more humid until saturating, where DBT and WBT become equal. Further cooling causes moisture to condense.

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How does evaporation affect the Wet Bulb Thermometer?

Evaporation from the wetted bulb absorbs heat from the thermometer, causing the mercury to drop and show a lower temperature.

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What is the relationship between boiling point and refrigerants/water?

Refrigerants have a lower boiling point range compared to water, meaning they turn into vapor at lower temperatures.

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What is Dry Bulb Temperature?

The temperature of air measured by a standard thermometer.

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What is Wet Bulb Temperature?

The temperature of air measured by a thermometer with a wet cloth around its bulb.

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What is Dew Point?

The temperature at which air's moisture condenses on surfaces.

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What is Effective Temperature?

A combined measure of temperature, humidity, and air movement affecting human comfort.

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Dry Bulb & Wet Bulb Relationship

A larger difference between Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb indicates lower humidity.

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Cooling & Humidity

Cooling air increases humidity until it's saturated, then further cooling causes condensation.

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Refrigerant Boiling Points

Refrigerants have lower boiling points than water.

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What is Saturation?

Air holds the maximum amount of water vapor it can at a given temperature.

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What is Sensible Heat?

Sensible heat is heat that you can sense with a thermometer, meaning it changes the temperature of a substance.

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What is Latent Heat?

Latent heat is heat that changes the physical state of a substance, like from solid to liquid or liquid to gas, without changing its temperature.

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What is Vacuum and Boiling?

A vacuum lowers the pressure above a liquid, causing it to boil at a lower temperature.

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What is the relationship between DBT and WBT?

A larger difference between DBT and WBT means lower humidity. A smaller difference means higher humidity.

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What is the boiling point relationship between refrigerants and water?

Refrigerants have significantly lower boiling points than water. This means they turn into gas at much lower temperatures.

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DBT - WBT Relationship

A wider difference between DBT and WBT indicates lower humidity, while a smaller difference suggests higher humidity.

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Study Notes

Basic Air Conditioning Fundamentals

  • Kilo-calorie: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius.
  • BTU: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
  • 1 Kilo-calorie = 3.97 BTU
  • Sensible Heat: Heat that causes a rise in temperature when applied to a body. It can be measured by a thermometer.
  • Latent Heat: Heat that changes the state of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) without changing its temperature.
  • Latent Heat of Fusion of Ice: The amount of heat needed to melt ice without changing its temperature.
  • Latent Heat of Evaporation of Water: The amount of heat needed to evaporate water without changing its temperature.
  • Enthalpy: The total heat content of a vapor, calculated as the sum of sensible heat and latent heat.
  • Critical Temperature (Tc): The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, no matter how much pressure is applied.
  • Critical Temperature (Tc): The specific temperature for a given liquid or gas, above which the gas cannot be liquefied.

Temperature and Pressure Relationship

  • Water boils at 100°C when the pressure is atmospheric.
  • Increasing pressure on water increases its boiling point.
  • Decreasing pressure on water decreases its boiling point.
  • Boiling water doesn't always have to be hot. Low temperatures are possible with vacuum.
  • Refrigerants have similar properties to water in terms of boiling points.

Psychrometrics

  • Psychrometrics: The measurement of moisture content in air.
  • Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT): The temperature of air as measured by a standard thermometer.
  • Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT): The temperature of air measured using a thermometer with a wet cotton sleeve. This measures temperature after water evaporates, pulling heat from the surrounding air.
  • Dew Point Temperature (DPT): The temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor, and moisture condenses. Relative humidity is 100% at this point.
  • Effective Temperature (ET): A combined measure of temperature, humidity, and air movement that relates to human comfort. It's an arbitrary index.

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