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Questions and Answers
What is basaltic lava mainly characterized by?
What is basaltic lava mainly characterized by?
- Formation of cinder cones
- Light color
- High viscosity
- Non-explosive outpouring (correct)
What type of volcano is built up layer by layer by the outpouring of fluid lava?
What type of volcano is built up layer by layer by the outpouring of fluid lava?
Shield volcano
What are cinder cones primarily made of?
What are cinder cones primarily made of?
Scoria
What are flood basalts?
What are flood basalts?
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What characterizes a lava flow known as Aa?
What characterizes a lava flow known as Aa?
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What does the Pahoehoe lava flow look like?
What does the Pahoehoe lava flow look like?
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What is pillow basalt?
What is pillow basalt?
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Study Notes
Basaltic Lava Overview
- Basaltic lava is a dark silicate rock characterized by its high fluidity.
- Commonly found at divergent boundaries and continental hotspots.
- Eruptions of basaltic lava are generally non-explosive, resulting in extensive outpourings.
Shield Volcanoes
- Shield volcanoes feature gentle slopes, constructed layer by layer from fluid lava.
- Hawaiian Islands are significant examples, originating from the ocean floor.
Cinder Cones
- Cinder cones are small, steep volcanoes formed from the ejection of basaltic lava fragments.
- Composed primarily of scoria and typically rise to less than 1,000 feet in height.
Flood Basalts
- Flood basalts consist of very fluid basaltic lava that spills from large fractures.
- These lava flows can cover vast areas of the Earth's surface.
Lava Flow Types
- Aa: Characterized by a rugged surface covered with broken lava rock debris.
- Pahoehoe: Exhibits a smooth, ropy surface due to the formation of a skin that buckles and folds as the lava flows.
Pillow Basalt
- Pillow basalt forms when lava erupts underwater, creating rounded, pillow-like structures.
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