16 Questions
Which type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart except the pulmonary artery?
Artery
What is the main function of the tunica media in blood vessels?
Regulate vessel diameter and blood flow
Which protein is the most abundant in the human body and is found in the structural layers of arteries and veins?
Collagen
What is the role of valves in veins?
Regulate blood flow direction
Which layer of a vein is primarily composed of simple squamous epithelium?
Tunica Intima
Vasodilation refers to the:
Expansion of blood vessels
What is the function of the smooth muscle layer in the tunica externa of blood vessels?
Regulates the diameter of the lumen
In the clotting process, what is the role of fibrinogen?
Converts to fibrin
What is the approximate composition of an adult's blood in terms of formed elements and fluid?
45% formed elements, 55% plasma with fibrinogen
Which vein is commonly found in the anticubital fossa?
Median cubital vein
What is the role of heparin in the body?
Acts as a natural anticoagulant
What is the main purpose of disposing needles and lancets in puncture-proof containers in the laboratory?
To prevent bloodborne pathogen transmission
Why is it important to familiarize and practice basic safety precautions in a laboratory setting?
To ensure safety and prevent serious injuries
What type of microorganisms are commonly present in clinical laboratory specimens?
Potentially harmful microorganisms
What does OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Why should broken glass be handled with caution in a laboratory environment?
To minimize the risk of injuries from cuts
Study Notes
Laboratory Safety and Personal Hygiene
- Numerous safety hazards are present in the lab, capable of producing serious injury or life-threatening disease
- Needles, lancets, and broken glass can transmit bloodborne pathogens
- Dispose of used needles and lancets in puncture-proof containers, properly labelled with disinfectant
- Hypochlorite solution is a disinfectant, used at 10% concentration
Blood Vessels Structural Layers
- Artery: bright red blood, tunica interna/intima, elastic, thick walls, no valves, pulse present
- Vein: dark red blood, tunica media, less elastic, thin walls, valves present, no pulse
Blood Vessels
- Artery: carries oxygenated blood from the heart, except pulmonary artery
- Vein: carries deoxygenated blood to the heart, except pulmonary vein
- Three layers of vein: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa
Tunica Layers of Vein
- Tunica Intima: simple squamous endothelium
- Tunica Media: muscular tissue (smooth muscle), regulates diameter of lumen
- Tunica Externa: connective tissue, anchors blood vessels in place
Blood
- Blood removed from body: clot forms, fluid portion becomes serum
- Clotting process: prothrombin converts to thrombin, fibrinogen converts to fibrin
- Blood composition: 45% formed elements, 55% fluid (plasma with fibrinogen)
- Anticoagulant: heparin, a natural anticoagulant in the body
Blood Collection
- Anticubital fossa: median cubital vein, cephalic vein (lateral), basilic vein (medial)
- Blood collection tubes: red top (no anticoagulant), purple top (anticoagulant)
Circulatory System
- Pulmonary system: circulates blood through lungs, blood enriched with oxygen, removal of CO2
- Systemic system: provides oxygen and nutrients to different cells, removes waste
- Cardiac output: 20% of blood filtered by kidneys
- Smooth muscle: responsible for expansion and constriction of blood vessels
Blood Vessel Functions
- Vasodilation: expansion of blood vessels
- Vasoconstriction: constriction of blood vessels
Test your knowledge on the circulatory system with this quiz covering topics such as the pulmonary system, systemic system, and different types of epithelial linings. Practice identifying the functions and structures related to blood circulation in the body.
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