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Bark Formation and Definition

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Questions and Answers

True or false: The cork cambium (phellogen) produces wood towards the exterior of the stem.

False

True or false: The middle bark is the area between the inner bark and the phloem.

False

True or false: The inner bark consists of the phloem which is separated from the wood by the vascular cambium.

True

True or false: Barks used medicinally may only represent the outer bark region.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The cork cambium (phellogen) produces cork cells (phellen) towards the interior.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The bark tends to curve longitudinally during drying.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The middle bark is the area between the outer bark (cork) and the phloem (inner bark).

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The bark consists of the phloem which is separated from the wood by the vascular cambium.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Barks used medicinally may represent all three areas: outer bark, middle bark, and inner bark.

True Signup and view all the answers

List the active constituents of colophony and their percentage composition.

The active constituents of colophony are 1. Resin acids, which make up 80-90% of diterpene acids (abietic acid), and 2. Volatile oil. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the origin and solubility of colophony.

Colophony is the dried residue left after distilling the volatile oil from the oleoresin obtained from Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus Family Pinaceae. It is insoluble in water but soluble in chloroform and ethanol. Signup and view all the answers

What are the medicinal uses of colophony and which active constituent is responsible for these uses?

The medicinal uses of colophony are due to abietic acid, which acts as a stimulant and diuretic. It is also used as an ingredient of ointments, plasters, varnishes, paint dryers, printing inks, and floor coverings. Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The bark tends to curve transversely during drying.

True Signup and view all the answers

Describe the confirmatory chemical tests for abietic acid in colophony.

The confirmatory chemical tests for abietic acid in colophony include the Copper acetate test, which results in a bright blue-green color in the benzene layer, and the Acetic anhydride / H2SO4 Test, which results in a change from bright pink color to violet color. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how colophony is used in medicinal and industrial applications, and which active constituent is responsible for its properties in these applications.

Colophony is used in medicinal applications as a stimulant, diuretic, and an ingredient in various products. In industrial applications, it is used in varnishes, paint dryers, printing inks, and floor coverings. These properties are due to the presence of abietic acid as an active constituent. Signup and view all the answers

Bark Formation and Definition

Choose a study mode

Podcast

Questions and Answers

True or false: The cork cambium (phellogen) produces wood towards the exterior of the stem.

True or false: The middle bark is the area between the inner bark and the phloem.

True or false: The inner bark consists of the phloem which is separated from the wood by the vascular cambium.

True or false: Barks used medicinally may only represent the outer bark region.

True or false: The cork cambium (phellogen) produces cork cells (phellen) towards the interior.

True or false: The bark tends to curve longitudinally during drying.

True or false: The middle bark is the area between the outer bark (cork) and the phloem (inner bark).

True or false: The bark consists of the phloem which is separated from the wood by the vascular cambium.

True or false: Barks used medicinally may represent all three areas: outer bark, middle bark, and inner bark.

List the active constituents of colophony and their percentage composition.

Explain the origin and solubility of colophony.

What are the medicinal uses of colophony and which active constituent is responsible for these uses?

True or false: The bark tends to curve transversely during drying.

Describe the confirmatory chemical tests for abietic acid in colophony.

Explain how colophony is used in medicinal and industrial applications, and which active constituent is responsible for its properties in these applications.

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