Banking Law: Merger and Consolidation
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Questions and Answers

Where must stockholders' meetings be held according to the regulations?

  • At the state capital
  • At the principal office location (correct)
  • In any city worldwide
  • In any private venue

    • What is the maximum term for a trustee according to the regulations?

  • 5 years
  • 1 year
  • 3 years (correct)
  • 2 years

    • Which of the following is NOT a requirement for the formation of a corporation?

  • Consent of the state
  • Consent of the parties
  • Approval from shareholders (correct)
  • None of the above

    • Which of the following powers does a corporation NOT have?

    <p>Unlimited financial authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the right associated with the membership of shareholders?

    <p>Members may be denied voting rights under certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be specified regarding the location of stockholders' meetings?

    <p>They must be in the principal office or a local municipality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of a corporation's powers and existence?

    <p>They can only exercise powers expressly authorized by law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may happen if the location of the principal office is impractical for meetings?

    <p>Meetings can be held elsewhere within Philippine territory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of forming a corporation?

    <p>Limited liability for investors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document is necessary for a corporation to officially establish itself?

    <p>Articles of incorporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the corporate name of a One Person Corporation include?

    <p>The letters ‘OPC’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the corporate veil?

    <p>Piercing the corporate veil is applicable to all corporations including OPCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a One Person Corporation?

    <p>To file corporate by-laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a One Person Corporation, who acts as the sole director and president?

    <p>The single stockholder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the liability of corporations?

    <p>Investors have unlimited liability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When converting from an Ordinary Corporation to a One Person Corporation, which aspect remains unchanged?

    <p>The requirement to file articles of incorporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a single stockholder do if they become the treasurer of the corporation?

    <p>Give a bond to the Commission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following positions cannot be held by a single stockholder in an OPC?

    <p>Corporate Secretary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In educational non-stock corporations, what is the maximum number of trustees allowed?

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must happen if a single stockholder of an OPC becomes incapacitated?

    <p>A designated nominee takes their place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If organized as a stock corporation, how is the number and term of directors determined?

    <p>According to the provisions on stock corporations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nominees must a single stockholder designate in the Articles of Incorporation?

    <p>Two nominees and an alternate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For educational corporations that are organized as stock corporations, how is the term of directors classified?

    <p>In groups that expire annually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of trustees for educational institutions organized as non-stock corporations?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes a stock corporation?

    <p>It is authorized to distribute dividends based on shares held.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a One Person Corporation (OPC) from other types of corporations?

    <p>It can be formed only by a natural person, trust, or estate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following entities is NOT permitted to incorporate as a One Person Corporation?

    <p>An individual practicing a profession</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is membership affected in non-stock corporations?

    <p>Membership is personal to the individuals involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which governing body typically oversees a non-stock corporation?

    <p>Board of Trustees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a non-stock corporation?

    <p>No income is distributable as dividends to its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement concerning capital stock for certain corporations?

    <p>They can operate without any authorized capital stock requirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about the transfer of shares in a stock corporation?

    <p>Members can transfer shares freely without any restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the nationality of a corporation sole is true?

    <p>It has no nationality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition under Philippine law for a foreign corporation to operate?

    <p>It must obtain a license to do business in the Philippines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a corporation aggregate?

    <p>Incorporated by more than one person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Consent Doctrine' imply for foreign corporations?

    <p>Their legal standing is based on international law and consent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a corporation aggregate sue in the Philippines?

    <p>When not doing business in the Philippines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of the nationality determination for corporations in the Philippines?

    <p>It is based on the nationality of its members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately states the legal capacity of a foreign corporation under Philippine law?

    <p>Can sue in the Philippines only if having a license.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance can a corporation sole be sued?

    <p>Upon proper registration in the Philippines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Merger and Consolidation of Banks

    • Banks may merge or consolidate under specific guidelines provided by law.
    • Consent from the State is required to form any corporation, in addition to the parties' agreement.

    Corporation's Rights and Powers

    • Corporations possess the right of succession and can exist beyond the life of their founders.
    • Powers and properties of a corporation are defined and limited to what is expressly authorized by law or incidental to their existence.

    Classes of Corporations

    • Stock Corporations: Capital is divided into shares, and shareholders receive dividends based on shares held.
    • Non-Stock Corporations: Income is not distributable as dividends to members or trustees; typically governed by a Board of Trustees.

    One Person Corporation (OPC)

    • An OPC consists of a single stockholder who must be a natural person, trust, or estate.
    • OPCs do not require minimum authorized capital stock and are not mandated to submit corporate by-laws.

    Corporate Structure

    • A single stockholder must serve as both Director and President. Other officers such as a Treasurer and Corporate Secretary must also be appointed.
    • The Corporate Secretary cannot be the single stockholder.

    Educational Corporations

    • For non-stock educational corporations, the governing board must have 5 to 15 trustees, and terms should follow specific classifications.
    • A corporation sole's nationality is determined by the nationality of its members.
    • Foreign corporations must obtain licenses to conduct business in the Philippines, relying on the Consent Doctrine for legality.

    Limited Liability

    • Investors' liability is limited to their investment in the corporation, emphasizing the corporation's separate legal identity.

    Corporate Name and Filing

    • An OPC must include "OPC" in its corporate name and other entities must file articles of incorporation per legal standards.

    Governance and Meetings

    • Stockholders' meetings must occur at the principal office or an authorized location within Philippine territory.
    • Rights related to voting can be limited as stated in the Articles of Incorporation or By-Laws.

    Piercing the Corporate Veil

    • The doctrine applies equally to OPCs, maintaining that a corporation is viewed separately from its owners unless conditions are met to disregard this separation.

    These key points encapsulate the major aspects of corporation law relevant to the formation, governance, and operation of different types of corporations within the Philippines.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the legal frameworks surrounding the merger and consolidation of banks, specifically focusing on relevant sections of banking law. It covers the conditions under which these processes are regulated by the State and the legal operation required for forming a corporation.

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