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Questions and Answers
What was the average imitative physical aggression score for male subjects with male models?
What was the average imitative physical aggression score for male subjects with male models?
What was the primary ethical concern regarding the study's effects on children?
What was the primary ethical concern regarding the study's effects on children?
Which behaviour did boys imitate more than girls according to the study?
Which behaviour did boys imitate more than girls according to the study?
In the control condition of the experiment, what did the children not witness?
In the control condition of the experiment, what did the children not witness?
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What was the behaviour of girls when exposed to female models compared to male models?
What was the behaviour of girls when exposed to female models compared to male models?
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What was the conclusion regarding situational influence in the study?
What was the conclusion regarding situational influence in the study?
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What was the primary aim of the experiment?
What was the primary aim of the experiment?
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What did the boys engage with during non-aggressive play?
What did the boys engage with during non-aggressive play?
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What factor contributed to boys imitating more aggressive behaviour than girls?
What factor contributed to boys imitating more aggressive behaviour than girls?
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What type of design was used in this research study?
What type of design was used in this research study?
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How many children participated in the study?
How many children participated in the study?
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What was the independent variable related to the model's characteristics?
What was the independent variable related to the model's characteristics?
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What method was used to assess the children before the experiment?
What method was used to assess the children before the experiment?
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Which of the following was NOT a variable in the study?
Which of the following was NOT a variable in the study?
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How were the children divided into groups for the study?
How were the children divided into groups for the study?
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What was the role of the Bobo doll in the experiment?
What was the role of the Bobo doll in the experiment?
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Study Notes
Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment - Study Notes
- Aim: To investigate if children learn aggression by observing a model and reproduce this behavior, and if the model's sex matters.
- Background: Children imitate adults; observational learning is key. Imitation is influenced by social situations and potential rewards/punishments for specific behaviors.
- Research Method: Controlled laboratory experiment.
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Research Design:
- Independent measures design: Different children in different conditions.
- Matched participants design: Children grouped by initial aggression levels.
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Variables:
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Independent:
- Model type (aggressive vs. non-aggressive)
- Model gender (same-sex vs. opposite-sex)
- Learner gender (boy vs. girl)
- Dependent: Observed aggressive behavior (physical, verbal, aggression toward inanimate objects, anxiety).
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Independent:
- Sample: 72 children (3-6 years old) from Stanford University nursery; opportunity sampling. Inter-rater reliability established for aggression ratings (5-point scales).
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Procedure:
- Children observed by researchers before the experiment, rated for aggression levels, then matched into groups.
- Control group (no model).
- Experimental groups: Aggressive or non-aggressive models (same or opposite sex).
- Standardized interactions (time spent assembling toys, aggressive acts demonstrated).
- Observation of children for 20 min (inter-rater reliability score of 0.89).
- Controlled environment with a Bobo doll, mallet, and other toys.
- Mildly annoying event to evoke a response regarding the toys.
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Results:
- Children exposed to aggressive models imitated their aggressive behavior. More aggressive behavior was observed in these children.
- Boys imitated more physical aggression than girls, but both sexes imitated verbal aggression if the model was the same gender.
- Boys with male models showed most imitation of physical aggression (25.8 average). Girls with female models displayed less aggression (5.5 average) than in opposite-sex pairings.
- Boys, more than girls, played with stereotypically "male" toys (guns). Girls played with dolls.
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Ethical Issues:
- Possible harm from increased aggressive behavior.
- Distress from mild annoyance and lack of consent or withdrawal options.
- Parents' consent explicitly missing; headteacher was aware.
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Application:
- Children learn aggressive behaviors from real-life and media models. Boys are especially susceptible to aggressive modeling.
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Explanations:
- Nature vs. Nurture: Testosterone levels may contribute to boys' higher rates of physical aggression imitation. Learned sex-typed behaviors also factor into imitation.
- Individual vs. Situational: Observation and imitation are influenced by situation and by learned models. Individual differences (e.g., sex) also contribute to how aggressive behavior develops.
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment, which investigates how children learn aggression through observation. This study highlights the impact of model behavior and gender on children's imitation of aggression. Delve into research methods, variables, and important findings.