Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment Notes

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Questions and Answers

What was the average imitative physical aggression score for male subjects with male models?

  • 25.8 (correct)
  • 5.5
  • 7.2
  • 12.4

What was the primary ethical concern regarding the study's effects on children?

  • Children were subjected to psychological distress. (correct)
  • Children were not made aware of the study's purpose.
  • Parents were present during the experiment.
  • Children were not given toys to play with.

Which behaviour did boys imitate more than girls according to the study?

  • Pro-social behaviour
  • Aggressive verbal behavior
  • Non-aggressive play
  • Physical aggression (correct)

In the control condition of the experiment, what did the children not witness?

<p>Aggressive behaviour from a model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the behaviour of girls when exposed to female models compared to male models?

<p>Girls imitated less aggression with female models (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion regarding situational influence in the study?

<p>Models influenced children to imitate aggressive behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary aim of the experiment?

<p>To determine if children learn aggression by observing a model. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the boys engage with during non-aggressive play?

<p>Guns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to boys imitating more aggressive behaviour than girls?

<p>Higher levels of testosterone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of design was used in this research study?

<p>Matched participants design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many children participated in the study?

<p>72 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the independent variable related to the model's characteristics?

<p>The type of model (aggressive or non-aggressive). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method was used to assess the children before the experiment?

<p>Observation to rate aggression on scales. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a variable in the study?

<p>Learner's age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How were the children divided into groups for the study?

<p>Matched based on initial levels of aggression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Bobo doll in the experiment?

<p>To act as the model being observed for aggressive behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Imitative learning

A type of learning where an individual acquires a new behavior by observing and imitating another person (the model) who is performing the behavior.

Independent measures design

A research design where different groups of participants are exposed to different conditions of the independent variable.

Matched participants design

A research design where participants are divided into groups based on their pre-existing characteristics, ensuring similar levels of a certain variable across groups.

Laboratory experiment

A type of experiment where the researcher manipulates an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable.

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Independent variable

A variable that the researcher manipulates to see its effect on the dependent variable.

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Dependent variable

The variable that is measured to see the effect of the independent variable.

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Opportunity sampling

A type of sampling where participants are selected based on their availability and convenience.

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Inter-rater reliability

The consistency or reliability of measurements obtained by different observers.

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Groups

The study used a group of children who were exposed to an aggressive model, a non-aggressive model, or no model at all. The children were then observed for their aggression levels.

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Results

Children who observed the aggressive model were more likely to show aggressive behavior themselves, especially boys.

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Sex Differences

Boys were more likely to imitate physical aggression (like hitting), while girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression (like saying hurtful words).

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Application to Real Life

This study showed that children's behavior can be influenced by the models they observe, especially when it comes to aggression.

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Ethical Issues

The study raises ethical concerns because it may have unintentionally made some children more aggressive. It also raises concern because the children were mildly annoyed, which could be distressing.

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Nature vs. Nurture

The explanation for the sex differences in aggression is that boys have more of the hormone testosterone and may be more likely to imitate aggressive behavior, influenced by the societal expectations of masculinity.

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Individual vs. Situational Explanation

The observation of aggressive models (the situational influence) led to aggressive behavior in the children. The individual differences, such as gender and testosterone levels, may explain the differences in how strongly children were influenced by the models.

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Bobo Doll Experiment: Observational Learning

The Bobo Doll Experiment is an example of observational learning, where children learn new behaviors by observing the actions of others.

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Study Notes

Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment - Study Notes

  • Aim: To investigate if children learn aggression by observing a model and reproduce this behavior, and if the model's sex matters.
  • Background: Children imitate adults; observational learning is key. Imitation is influenced by social situations and potential rewards/punishments for specific behaviors.
  • Research Method: Controlled laboratory experiment.
  • Research Design:
    • Independent measures design: Different children in different conditions.
    • Matched participants design: Children grouped by initial aggression levels.
  • Variables:
    • Independent:
      • Model type (aggressive vs. non-aggressive)
      • Model gender (same-sex vs. opposite-sex)
      • Learner gender (boy vs. girl)
    • Dependent: Observed aggressive behavior (physical, verbal, aggression toward inanimate objects, anxiety).
  • Sample: 72 children (3-6 years old) from Stanford University nursery; opportunity sampling. Inter-rater reliability established for aggression ratings (5-point scales).
  • Procedure:
    • Children observed by researchers before the experiment, rated for aggression levels, then matched into groups.
    • Control group (no model).
    • Experimental groups: Aggressive or non-aggressive models (same or opposite sex).
    • Standardized interactions (time spent assembling toys, aggressive acts demonstrated).
    • Observation of children for 20 min (inter-rater reliability score of 0.89).
    • Controlled environment with a Bobo doll, mallet, and other toys.
    • Mildly annoying event to evoke a response regarding the toys.
  • Results:
    • Children exposed to aggressive models imitated their aggressive behavior. More aggressive behavior was observed in these children.
    • Boys imitated more physical aggression than girls, but both sexes imitated verbal aggression if the model was the same gender.
    • Boys with male models showed most imitation of physical aggression (25.8 average). Girls with female models displayed less aggression (5.5 average) than in opposite-sex pairings.
    • Boys, more than girls, played with stereotypically "male" toys (guns). Girls played with dolls.
  • Ethical Issues:
    • Possible harm from increased aggressive behavior.
    • Distress from mild annoyance and lack of consent or withdrawal options.
    • Parents' consent explicitly missing; headteacher was aware.
  • Application:
    • Children learn aggressive behaviors from real-life and media models. Boys are especially susceptible to aggressive modeling.
  • Explanations:
    • Nature vs. Nurture: Testosterone levels may contribute to boys' higher rates of physical aggression imitation. Learned sex-typed behaviors also factor into imitation.
    • Individual vs. Situational: Observation and imitation are influenced by situation and by learned models. Individual differences (e.g., sex) also contribute to how aggressive behavior develops.

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