Banana Peel Utilization and Environmental Impact
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Questions and Answers

What is done with banana peels in the planting area?

  • They are dispersed as composting material. (correct)
  • They are burned to produce ash.
  • They are thrown away as useless waste.
  • They are eaten by animals.

    • What compounds are found in mango peels?

  • Vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
  • Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
  • Polyphenols, flavonols, and gallotannins. (correct)
  • Antioxidants, antifungals, and antiproliferatives.

    • What is the approximate production of mango in 2017?

  • 40 million tons
  • 20 million tons
  • 45 million tons (correct)
  • 30 million tons

    • What percentage of mango's fresh weight is represented by its kernels?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application of banana peels?

    <p>Production of bioethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem associated with banana peel disposal?

    <p>Massive accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the worldwide production of citrus fruits in 2017?

    <p>88 million tons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential health benefit of mango peel?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of phenolic compounds?

    <p>Having an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl substituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do fruit by-products tend to have a higher accumulation of phenolic compounds?

    <p>Because they provide protection against insects and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term used to refer to phenolic compounds?

    <p>Polyphenols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of using green extraction methodologies?

    <p>Reducing the toxicity of the final products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reported health benefit of phenolic compounds?

    <p>Preventing cardiovascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of polyphenols?

    <p>Citrus fruit by-products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do peels tend to have a higher content of polyphenols?

    <p>Because they provide protection against insects and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classification of polyphenols?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total grapes are used for wine and other alcoholic beverages?

    <p>67%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds are responsible for high antioxidant activity in pineapple stems and cores?

    <p>Dietary fibre and BCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate quantity of grape pomace produced worldwide in 2017?

    <p>5-9 million tons/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nutritional value of melon fruit?

    <p>Low in fat and sodium, rich in minerals and dietary fibre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of melon fruit is composed of peel and seeds?

    <p>25-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated worldwide production of melon fruit?

    <p>49 million tons/year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential application of grape pomace?

    <p>Production of functional flours and new pastas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compounds are present in grape pomace?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the increasing interest in carotenoids?

    <p>Their potential as natural colourants and functional ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in using carotenoids in food industrial chains?

    <p>Their instability and insolubility in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of formulating water-dispersible market products?

    <p>To increase the bioavailability of carotenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of recent biotechnological efforts in carotenoids?

    <p>Encapsulation and nanoencapsulation of carotenoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of anthocyanins?

    <p>They are water-soluble pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of anthocyanins?

    <p>Flavonoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of cyanidin in anthocyanidins?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common sugar bound to anthocyanins?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of essential oils in plants?

    <p>To protect against herbivores and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main bioactive compounds found in essential oils?

    <p>Terpenes, phenylpropanoids, aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using essential oils as preservatives in meat products?

    <p>They provide antimicrobial properties against food spoilage bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of synthetic chemical antioxidants and antimicrobial molecules?

    <p>They have undesirable aspects, including carcinogenicity and acute toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential source of essential oils?

    <p>Fruit by-products, such as seeds and skins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key component of citrus essential oil?

    <p>D-limonene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application of citrus essential oil?

    <p>To extend the shelf life of foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the use of essential oils in the food industry?

    <p>To provide a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fruit By-Products

    • Banana peels are a rich source of carbohydrates, vitamins, and lignocellulosic compounds, with antioxidant properties, flavonoids, and catecholamines.
    • Banana peels have potential applications in bioethanol and biogas production, as well as heavy metal removal.

    Mango

    • Mango production reached 45 million tons in 2017, with by-products consisting of peel (24% of fresh weight) and kernel (40% of fresh weight).
    • Mango kernels are rich in carbohydrates, protein, and essential amino acids, while mango peel is a source of polyphenols, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds.

    Citrus Fruits

    • Worldwide citrus fruit production was estimated to be over 88 million tons in 2017, with peels and seeds being rich in phenolic compounds and vitamin C.
    • Pineapple by-products have high antioxidant activity due to their content of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber.

    Grape

    • Grape production generates approximately 5-9 million tons of grape pomace per year, which is rich in bioactive compounds (BCs) such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins.
    • Grape pomace is used in the production of flours and pastas, with associated biological activities.

    Melon

    • Melon production reached 49 million tons in 2017, with peels and seeds accounting for 25% and 7% of fresh weight, respectively.
    • Melon peels and seeds have potential applications due to their high content of polyphenols, dietary fiber, and minerals.

    Polyphenols

    • Fruit by-products are rich in polyphenols, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative effects.
    • Polyphenols can prevent degenerative, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as some types of cancer.
    • Green extraction methodologies are used to recover polyphenols from fruit by-products.

    Carotenoids

    • Citrus fruit peels contain specific C30 apocarotenoids, which provide an intense orange-reddish color.
    • Carotenoids are being researched for their potential as natural colorants, functional ingredients, and for their health benefits.

    Anthocyanins

    • Anthocyanins are the largest group of secondary plant metabolites, responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors of fruits and vegetables.
    • Anthocyanins are flavonoids that occur naturally as glycosides of flavylium or 2-phenylbenzopyrylium salts.

    Essential Oils

    • Essential oils (EOs) are volatile, natural compounds with antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties.
    • EOs are formed by plants as secondary metabolites and have been found in fruit by-products, particularly seeds and skins.
    • Citrus peels are a potential source of EOs, which can be used as natural preservatives in food products.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the uses and environmental effects of banana peels, including their potential as compost and source of valuable compounds.

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