36 Questions
What is the total molecular weight of Aspartame (C14H18N2O5)?
180g/mol
What is the product of the reaction between Aspartame and water?
Aspartic acid, methanol, and phenylalanine
How many grams of hydrogen are present in 378 g of Aspartame?
18g
What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Aspartame and water?
C14H18N2O5 + 2H2O → C4H7NO4 + CH3OH + C9H11NO2
What is the molecular formula of phenylalanine?
C9H11NO2
What is the purpose of converting from grams to moles and then back to grams in the experiment?
To calculate the amount of reactants required
What is a characteristic of a tertiary alcohol?
The carbon where the -OH group is attached has no available hydrogen.
What happens to a secondary alcohol when treated with oxidizing agents?
It is converted into a ketone.
What is formed when a tertiary alcohol is treated with oxidizing agents?
A ketone
Where can the carbonyl part of a ketone be found?
At any part of the chain, but not in the number 1 position
What happens to the hydrogen in a tertiary alcohol when it is treated with oxidizing agents?
It is removed and replaced by a formation of a carbonyl group.
What is a characteristic of the carbon where the -OH group is attached in a secondary alcohol?
It has one available hydrogen.
What determines the type of carbonyl-containing product formed from an alcohol?
The structure of the starting alcohol.
What is the difference between a primary and a tertiary alcohol in terms of the carbon where the -OH group is attached?
The carbon is bonded to one carbon in a primary alcohol and three carbons in a tertiary alcohol.
What is the total number of carbon atoms in the reactant side of the equation?
11
What is the total number of oxygen atoms in the reactant side of the equation?
6
What is the molecular formula of Salicylic Acid?
C7H6O3
What is the total number of hydrogen atoms in the product side of the equation?
12
What is the step to be taken first in balancing a chemical equation?
Write the number of atoms present in both sides
What is the purpose of computing the molecular weight of each molecule in balancing a chemical equation?
To determine if the number of atoms in both sides are equal
What is the correct molecular formula of Aspirin (ASA)?
C9H8O4
What is the step to be taken after checking if the chemical equation is balanced?
Balance the equation
What is the oxidation state of Manganese in Potassium permanganate (KMNO4)?
7
What is the oxidation state of Manganese in the brown precipitate Manganese dioxide (MNO2)?
4
Which of the following is a natural flavor and aroma from Aldehydes?
All of the above
What is the oxidation state of Manganese in the brown precipitate Manganese dioxide (MNO2)?
4
What type of compound are Aldehydes and Ketones?
Carbonyl compounds
What is the result of the reduction of Potassium permanganate (KMNO4)?
Formation of Manganese dioxide (MNO2)
What is the formula for calculating the percentage yield of a reaction?
Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield x 100
What is the characteristic of an -OH group attached to a benzene ring?
It is an aromatic compound
What is the classification of an alcohol where the -OH group is attached to a carbon atom with 2 available hydrogen atoms?
Primary alcohol
What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol?
Aldehyde
What is the name of the compound with the molecular formula 1,2,3 – Propanetriol?
Glycerol
What is the characteristic of an alcohol with three hydroxyl groups?
It is a trihydric alcohol
What is the oxidation sequence of a primary alcohol?
Primary alcohol → Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
What is the characteristic of an -OH group attached to a saturated, alkane-like carbon atom?
It is an alcohol
Study Notes
Chemical Reactions and Equations
- The reaction between Salicylic acid and Acetic anhydride produces Aspirin (ASA) and Acetic acid: C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 → C9H8O4 + C2H4O2
- The reaction is balanced, meaning the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation
- To balance the equation, count the number of atoms of each element on both sides: C, H, O
Molecular Weight and Moles
- The molecular weight of a compound is the sum of the atomic weights of its atoms
- To calculate the molecular weight, multiply the atomic weight of each element by the number of atoms of that element
- The formula: g → moles → g (convert from grams to moles to grams)
Chemical Reactions of Organic Compounds
- Alcohols are compounds that have a -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a saturated, alkane-like carbon atom
- Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms bound to the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group
- Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and then further oxidized to form carboxylic acid: 1°Alcohol → Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid
- Secondary alcohols can be converted into ketones (RC=OR) on treatment with oxidizing agents: 2°Alcohol → Ketone
Aldehydes and Ketones
- Aldehydes and ketones are the two simplest families of carbonyl compounds
- Aldehydes have a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain, while ketones have a carbonyl group in the middle of the chain
- Examples of aldehydes and ketones include natural flavors and aromas, such as cinnamon, vanilla, and almond
Oxidation Reactions
- Oxidation reactions involve the removal of hydrogen and the formation of a carbonyl group
- Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidizing agent that can be used to oxidize alcohols
- The reaction between KMnO4 and an alcohol can produce a brown precipitate of Manganese dioxide (MnO2)
Verify if the given chemical equation for the synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride is balanced. Count the number of atoms on both sides of the equation.
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