Baddeley's Working Memory Model Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is amnesia?

A partial or total loss of memory, often associated with head injury or disease resulting in brain impairment.

What does attention imply in the context of perception?

A narrowing and focusing of perception, a selection and emphasis of that to which the organism responds.

What is the central executive system in Baddeley's model of working memory?

The part that regulates the flow of information from sensory storage, processes it for long-term storage, and retrieves it.

What is chunking in memory?

A memory process whereby related items are grouped together into more easily remembered 'chunks'. Signup and view all the answers

What does the cocktail party phenomenon refer to?

An expression to describe sensory memory, specifically the fleeting and unconscious availability for processing of stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is cue-dependent forgetting?

Forgetting due to the unavailability of appropriate cues for recall. Signup and view all the answers

What does decay theory explain?

Loss of information in short-term memory based on the notion that the physiological effects of stimulation fade. Signup and view all the answers

What is declarative memory?

Explicit, conscious long-term memory, which can be either semantic or episodic. Signup and view all the answers

What does displacement theory propose?

Miller's belief that incoming information displaces older information in short-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is distortion theory?

A theory of forgetting that recognizes that what is remembered is often changed or reconstructed. Signup and view all the answers

What does elaboration in memory strategy involve?

Forming new associations by linking information with other ideas or images. Signup and view all the answers

What is an engram?

A permanent change in the brain presumed to underlie memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is the episodic buffer in Baddeley's model of working memory?

The component used for linking phonological and visual-spatial information and temporarily remembering information. Signup and view all the answers

What is episodic memory?

A type of declarative memory consisting of knowledge about personal experiences tied to specific times and places. Signup and view all the answers

What is an event-related field (ERF)?

A measure of magnetic fields at the scalp related to neural activity associated with specific stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What does an event-related potential (ERP) measure?

A measure of electrical activity in identifiable areas of the brain corresponding to specific stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is explicit memory?

Also termed declarative memory, it refers to explicit, conscious long-term memory. Signup and view all the answers

What is fading theory?

The belief that inability to recall in long-term memory increases with the passage of time as memory traces fade. Signup and view all the answers

What is false memory syndrome?

A label describing the possibility that a memory of a highly traumatic event may be a memory of something that has not actually occurred. Signup and view all the answers

What are flashbulb memories?

Unusually vivid and permanent recollections of details surrounding the first hearing of some emotionally significant news. Signup and view all the answers

What does forgetting involve?

Loss from memory over time, which may involve inability to retrieve or actual loss of traces defining storage. Signup and view all the answers

What is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?

A diagnostic imaging technique that detects subtle changes in magnetic fields in the human body. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Memory Concepts and Theories

Amnesia: Involves partial or complete memory loss, often linked to brain injury or disease.
Attention: A focused state of perception that resembles short-term memory, allowing selective response to stimuli.
Central Executive System: Regulates information flow in working memory, handling sensory input and long-term memory retrieval.
Chunking: A memory technique that groups related items into manageable "chunks" for easier recall, such as segmenting a phone number.
Cocktail Party Phenomenon: Describes the fleeting sensory memory that allows people to unconsciously process unattended stimuli.
Cue-Dependent Forgetting: Occurs when appropriate retrieval cues are absent, leading to difficulties in memory recall.
Decay Theory: Suggests that information in short-term memory diminishes over time due to fading physiological stimulation.
Declarative Memory: Refers to explicit long-term memory encompassing both semantic (facts) and episodic (events) components.

Models and Theories of Memory

Displacement Theory: Proposes a limit to short-term memory capacity (7 ± 2 items), where new information displaces older content.
Distortion Theory: Recognizes that memories can be altered or reconstructed, leading to modified recollections over time.
Elaboration: A strategy for enhancing memory by creating new connections or associations with existing knowledge.
Engram: Represents a permanent change in the brain that is associated with memory storage and recall.

Components of Baddeley's Working Memory Model

Episodic Buffer: Integrates phonological and visual-spatial information, facilitating temporary retention of memories.
Episodic Memory: A type of declarative memory focused on autobiographical events linked to specific times and locations.

Measurement Techniques in Cognitive Neuroscience

Event-Related Field (ERF): Records magnetic activity at the scalp associated with specific neural stimuli for studying cognitive processes.
Event-Related Potential (ERP): Measures electrical brain activity corresponding to stimuli, often analyzed using EEG technology.

Additional Memory Concepts

Explicit Memory: A conscious form of long-term memory that includes both semantic and episodic memories.
Fading Theory: Suggests that recall ability in long-term memory diminishes as time passes, as memory traces gradually fade.
False Memory Syndrome: The phenomenon where individuals may remember traumatic events that never actually occurred.
Flashbulb Memories: Very vivid and detailed memories of emotionally significant events.
Forgetting: The decline of memory retention over time, which may involve retrieval failure or loss of memory traces.
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): An advanced imaging technique used to monitor real-time changes in brain activity and soft tissue, aiding in disease diagnosis and cognitive research.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts within Baddeley's model of working memory. You will encounter terms like 'amnesia' and 'attention,' which are crucial for understanding how memory functions and is affected by various conditions. Test your knowledge on these essential definitions and their related concepts in psychology.