Questions and Answers
What is amnesia?
A partial or total loss of memory, often associated with head injury or disease resulting in brain impairment.
What does attention imply in the context of perception?
A narrowing and focusing of perception, a selection and emphasis of that to which the organism responds.
What is the central executive system in Baddeley's model of working memory?
The part that regulates the flow of information from sensory storage, processes it for long-term storage, and retrieves it.
What is chunking in memory?
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What does the cocktail party phenomenon refer to?
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What is cue-dependent forgetting?
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What does decay theory explain?
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What is declarative memory?
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What does displacement theory propose?
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What is distortion theory?
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What does elaboration in memory strategy involve?
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What is an engram?
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What is the episodic buffer in Baddeley's model of working memory?
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What is episodic memory?
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What is an event-related field (ERF)?
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What does an event-related potential (ERP) measure?
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What is explicit memory?
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What is fading theory?
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What is false memory syndrome?
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What are flashbulb memories?
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What does forgetting involve?
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What is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
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Study Notes
Memory Concepts and Theories
- Amnesia: Involves partial or complete memory loss, often linked to brain injury or disease.
- Attention: A focused state of perception that resembles short-term memory, allowing selective response to stimuli.
- Central Executive System: Regulates information flow in working memory, handling sensory input and long-term memory retrieval.
- Chunking: A memory technique that groups related items into manageable "chunks" for easier recall, such as segmenting a phone number.
- Cocktail Party Phenomenon: Describes the fleeting sensory memory that allows people to unconsciously process unattended stimuli.
- Cue-Dependent Forgetting: Occurs when appropriate retrieval cues are absent, leading to difficulties in memory recall.
- Decay Theory: Suggests that information in short-term memory diminishes over time due to fading physiological stimulation.
- Declarative Memory: Refers to explicit long-term memory encompassing both semantic (facts) and episodic (events) components.
Models and Theories of Memory
- Displacement Theory: Proposes a limit to short-term memory capacity (7 ± 2 items), where new information displaces older content.
- Distortion Theory: Recognizes that memories can be altered or reconstructed, leading to modified recollections over time.
- Elaboration: A strategy for enhancing memory by creating new connections or associations with existing knowledge.
- Engram: Represents a permanent change in the brain that is associated with memory storage and recall.
Components of Baddeley's Working Memory Model
- Episodic Buffer: Integrates phonological and visual-spatial information, facilitating temporary retention of memories.
- Episodic Memory: A type of declarative memory focused on autobiographical events linked to specific times and locations.
Measurement Techniques in Cognitive Neuroscience
- Event-Related Field (ERF): Records magnetic activity at the scalp associated with specific neural stimuli for studying cognitive processes.
- Event-Related Potential (ERP): Measures electrical brain activity corresponding to stimuli, often analyzed using EEG technology.
Additional Memory Concepts
- Explicit Memory: A conscious form of long-term memory that includes both semantic and episodic memories.
- Fading Theory: Suggests that recall ability in long-term memory diminishes as time passes, as memory traces gradually fade.
- False Memory Syndrome: The phenomenon where individuals may remember traumatic events that never actually occurred.
- Flashbulb Memories: Very vivid and detailed memories of emotionally significant events.
- Forgetting: The decline of memory retention over time, which may involve retrieval failure or loss of memory traces.
- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): An advanced imaging technique used to monitor real-time changes in brain activity and soft tissue, aiding in disease diagnosis and cognitive research.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts within Baddeley's model of working memory. You will encounter terms like 'amnesia' and 'attention,' which are crucial for understanding how memory functions and is affected by various conditions. Test your knowledge on these essential definitions and their related concepts in psychology.