Bacteroides fragilis: Microbiota and Infections
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Questions and Answers

What is the optimal growth temperature for Bacteroides fragilis?

  • 25°C
  • 37°C (correct)
  • 60°C
  • 45°C

What is the pH range for optimal growth of Bacteroides fragilis?

  • 3-5
  • 5-7 (correct)
  • 7-9
  • 9-11

What structures does B. fragilis use for adhesion to other molecular structures?

  • Cilia
  • Lipopolysaccharide chains
  • Flagella
  • Peritrichous fimbriae (correct)

What type of bacterium is Bacteroides fragilis?

<p>Gram-negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of metabolism does Bacteroides fragilis have in the gut microbiome?

<p>Aerotolerant, anaerobic chemoorganotroph (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does B. fragilis survive the volatile intestinal micro-environment?

<p>By utilizing outer membrane vesicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytochrome bd oxidase in B. fragilis?

<p>It is essential for oxygen consumption and can allow other obligate anaerobes to survive in the oxygen-reduced microenvironment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the environmental-sensory system of B. fragilis effectively handle?

<p>Bacteriocins secretion and resistance, bile salt resistance, and oxidative stress response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main attributed factor for the high resistance to antibiotics of B.fragilis?

<p>Genetic plasticity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in members of the genus Bacteroides?

<p>High resistance rates amongst anaerobic bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is the most prevalent in the B. fragilis group?

<p>B. fragilis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do animals lacking gut bacteria require to maintain body mass?

<p>30% more caloric intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Bacteroides species accumulate in their gastrointestinal tract?

<p>A variety of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are utilized by B. fragilis to resist the degrading effects of bile salts?

<p>Bile salt hydrolase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What permits growth in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of O2?

<p>Catalase, superoxide dismutase, &amp; alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What permits B. fragilis to survive/adapt in the ever-changing human gut microbiome?

<p>The complex environmental-sensory system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cofactor required for Haemophilus species growth, known as the V factor?

<p>NAD+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agar is an excellent growth medium for Haemophilus due to increased accessibility to the required factors?

<p>Chocolate agar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 'Staph streak' technique for culturing Haemophilus, what produces the necessary blood factor byproducts required for Haemophilus growth?

<p>Staphylococcus colonies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species is an exception to the requirement of X and V factors and can grow well on both blood and chocolate agars?

<p>Haemophilus haemoglobinophilus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main attribute of the 'V factor' for Haemophilus species growth?

<p>Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the 'Staph streak' technique in culturing Haemophilus organisms?

<p>To enhance Haemophilus growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do most species of the genus Haemophilus require for growth on blood agar plates?

<p>Both hemin and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents the growth of many Haemophilus species on blood agar plates?

<p>Absence of X-factor bound to the blood cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are Haemophilus bacteria categorized as pleomorphic?

<p>Because of their wide range of shapes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genus includes significant pathogenic species such as H. influenzae and H. ducreyi?

<p>Haemophilus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do Haemophilus organisms typically inhabit?

<p>Upper respiratory tract, mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents most species of the genus Haemophilus from growing on blood agar plates?

<p>Absence of blood factors for growth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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