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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of Clostridium bacteria?
What is the primary characteristic of Clostridium bacteria?
- They are gram-negative bacilli.
- They are acidophilic for vaginal acidity.
- They are spore-forming and obligate anaerobic. (correct)
- They are obligate aerobes.
Which bacteria is responsible for causing scarlet fever and rheumatic fever?
Which bacteria is responsible for causing scarlet fever and rheumatic fever?
- Streptococcus pyogenes (correct)
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Streptococcus pneumonia
- Streptococcus agalactiae
What is the primary function of the enzyme Coagulase in Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the primary function of the enzyme Coagulase in Staphylococcus aureus?
- To form a fibrin clot (correct)
- To convert lipids into fatty acids
- To catalyze the oxidation of glucose
- To break down proteins into peptides
Which of the following bacteria is NOT a gram-positive cocci?
Which of the following bacteria is NOT a gram-positive cocci?
What is the primary mechanism of disease transmission for Neisseria meningitis?
What is the primary mechanism of disease transmission for Neisseria meningitis?
Which enzyme is produced by Staphylococcus aureus to break down DNA?
Which enzyme is produced by Staphylococcus aureus to break down DNA?
What is the primary characteristic of Mycobacterium bacteria?
What is the primary characteristic of Mycobacterium bacteria?
Which bacteria is responsible for causing neonatal pneumonia and meningitis?
Which bacteria is responsible for causing neonatal pneumonia and meningitis?
What is unique about the growth of Clostridium bacteria?
What is unique about the growth of Clostridium bacteria?
What is the primary function of the exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?
What is the primary function of the exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?
What type of bacteria is characterized by its ability to form spores and produce a polypeptide?
What type of bacteria is characterized by its ability to form spores and produce a polypeptide?
What is the primary mechanism of disease transmission for Neisseria gonorrheae?
What is the primary mechanism of disease transmission for Neisseria gonorrheae?
What is unique about the metabolism of Lactobacillus bacteria?
What is unique about the metabolism of Lactobacillus bacteria?
What is the primary characteristic of Staphylococcus epidermidis?
What is the primary characteristic of Staphylococcus epidermidis?
What type of bacteria is characterized by its ability to use acid-fast staining?
What type of bacteria is characterized by its ability to use acid-fast staining?
What is the primary mechanism of disease transmission for Streptococcus pneumoniae?
What is the primary mechanism of disease transmission for Streptococcus pneumoniae?
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Study Notes
Gram Positive Cocci
- Streptococcus: includes S. pneumonia, S. pyogenes, and S. agalactiae
- S. pneumonia: alpha hemolytic, capsulated, diplococci, and caused pneumonia
- S. pyogenes: beta hemolytic, causes toxic diseases (scarlet fever), supportive disease, and post-streptococcal sequences (rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis)
- S. agalactiae: causes neonatal pneumonia and meningitis
- Viridian streptococci: flora of the mouth, causes ineffective endocarditis and dental caries
- Enterococcus faecalis: flora of GIT, causes urinary tract infections, and is an aerotolerant aerobe
Staphylococcus
- Staphylococcus aureus: cluster shaped, produces exotoxin, is coagulase and catalase positive, and causes supportive infections
- Toxins produced: epidermolytic toxin, enterotoxin, toxic shock syndrome toxin, and hemolysin
- Enzymes produced: coagulase, staphylokinase, catalase, DNase, lipase, and protease
- Toxigenic diseases: scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, and food poisoning
- Staphylococcus epidermidis/saprophyticus: negative coagulase
Gram Negative Cocci
- Neisseria species: capnophilic
- Neisseria meningitidis: causes meningitis and is spread through infected droplets
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae: sexually transmitted, causes cervittis and ophthalmia neonatorum
Bacilli Bacteria
Gram Positive Bacilli
- Clostridium: spore forming, obligate anaerobe (fermentation/anaerobic respiration)
- Clostridium tetani/botulinum: produce exotoxin
- Lactobacillus: acidophilic for vaginal acidity
- Mycobacterium: obligate aerobe, uses acid-fast stain
- Bacillus anthracis: forms spores, from polypeptide
- Corynebacterium: produces exotoxin
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