Bacteriology Quiz: Gram Staining Techniques
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following bacteria is classified as Gram-negative?

  • Corynebacterium
  • Staphylococcus
  • Escherichia (correct)
  • Streptococcus

    • Mycobacterium is Gram-positive due to its high lipid content.

    False (B)

    What type of staining is used to identify Mycobacterium bacteria?

    Ziehl-Neelsen staining or acid-fast staining

    Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs is often complicated by ______.

    <p>SIBO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bacteria with their corresponding Gram stain classification:

    <p>Staphylococcus = Gram-positive Escherichia = Gram-negative Mycoplasma = Gram-positive Mycobacterium = Neither Gram-positive nor Gram-negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Clostridium species is responsible for "Black disease" in sheep?

    <p>C. novyi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Botulism is characterized by spastic paralysis.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for the condition caused by Clostridium perfringens type A in humans, characterized by gas accumulation in muscle tissue and severe tissue damage?

    <p>Gas gangrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The characteristic "drumstick" appearance on Gram-stained smears is associated with ______ endospores.

    <p>tetani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Clostridium species with the corresponding disease:

    <p>C. perfringens type B = Lamb dysentery C. septicum = Braxy C. novyi type B = Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis C. haemolyticum = Bacillary haemoglobinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of botulism?

    <p>Spastic paralysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pigs and dogs are highly susceptible to botulism.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical sign associated with Bacillary haemoglobinuria?

    <p>Haemoglobinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species is responsible for Lyme disease?

    <p>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leptospirosis is a common clinical finding in cats.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary transmission route for swine dysentery?

    <p>Feco-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bacteria responsible for bovine digital dermatitis and contagious ovine digital dermatitis are ______ species.

    <p>Treponema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diseases with their causative agents:

    <p>Calf diphtheria = Fusobacterium necrophorum Swine dysentery = Brachyspira hyodysenteriae Avian spirochaetosis = Borrelia anserina Lyme disease = Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by severe renal disease in pups, and chronic renal disease in adults?

    <p>Leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria are commonly found as commensals on mucosal surfaces, particularly in the alimentary tract.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary tick vectors responsible for transmitting Lyme disease in the U.S.?

    <p>Ixodes scapularis (Central and Eastern USA) and Ixodes pacificus (West Coast USA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of feline cryptococcosis?

    <p>Avian gastric yeast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malassezia pachydermatis is primarily associated with canine seborrheic dermatitis and canine otitis externa.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of the nasal form of feline cryptococcosis?

    <p>Flesh-coloured, polyp-like nasal granulomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The avian gastric yeast, Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, is also known as ______.

    <p>Megabacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the fungal organisms to their associated diseases:

    <p>Blastomyces dermatitidis = Canine seborrheic dermatitis Malassezia pachydermatis = White piedra Trichosporon beigelii = Blastomycosis Geotrichum candidum = Diarrhea in dogs and apes Macrorhabdus ornithogaster = Avian gastric yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are predisposing factors for canine otitis externa caused by Malassezia pachydermatis?

    <p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dimorphic fungi are characterized by occurring as yeasts in the environment and as molds in animal tissues.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical manifestation of Geotrichum candidum infection?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses can cause abortion in horses?

    <p>Both A and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) infection is typically asymptomatic in adult dogs.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Aujeszky's disease?

    <p>Inhalation of aerosols from infected pigs, nose-to-nose contact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The intense itching associated with Aujeszky's disease in ruminants is referred to as "______".

    <p>mad itch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following herpesviruses with their corresponding animal species:

    <p>Porcine herpesvirus 1 (ADV) = Pigs Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) = Horses Equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3) = Horses Canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) = Dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Equine coital exanthema?

    <p>Associated with viremia and abortion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aujeszky's disease affects young pigs more severely than older pigs.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary diseases caused by equine herpesviruses 1 and 4 (EHV-1 and EHV-4) in horses?

    <p>Respiratory disease and abortion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species are NOT members of the subfamily Alcelaphinae?

    <p>Zebra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is caused by a single virus, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1).

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever?

    <p>Sudden onset of fever, oculonasal discharge, enlarged lymph nodes, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, and erosive mucosal lesions in the upper respiratory tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bovine papillomavirus type 5 (BPV-5) causes the ______ type of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.

    <p>Rice grain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bovine papillomavirus types with their associated clinical manifestations:

    <p>BPV-1 or 2 = Head and neck fibropapilloma BPV-3 = Cutaneous papilloma BPV-4 = Papillomas of the esophagus, rumen, and reticulum BPV-5 = Rice grain type of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis BPV-6 = Frond type of bovine cutaneous papillomatosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bovine alimentary papilloma-carcinoma complex is always associated with malignant transformation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bracken fern in the development of enzootic hematuria?

    <p>Bracken fern ingestion, coupled with BPV-2 infection, can lead to neoplastic lesions in the bladder wall, resulting in enzootic hematuria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about Papillomaviridae?

    <p>They are double-stranded DNA viruses with icosahedral symmetry. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Veterinary Microbiology

    • Veterinary microbiology studies pathogens that affect animals
    • Pathogens include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and prions
    • Pathogens cause illness by injuring host cells
    • Bacteria and fungi damage cells directly through toxin production or indirectly by inflammation
    • Viruses and prions damage cells during replication
    • Veterinarians must be familiar with infectious agents, classification, transmission, and produced lesions in order to eradicate diseases

    Pathogenic Microorganisms

    • Bacteria:
      • Unicellular
      • Exhibit diverse morphologies
      • Classified as Gram-positive or Gram-negative
    • Fungi:
      • Either unicellular or multicellular (yeast or mold)
      • Capable of digesting organic matter
    • Algae:
      • Plant-like; either unicellular or multicellular (i.e. algae species)
      • Capable of secreting enzymes that can digest organic matter
    • Viruses:
      • Not cells; consist of nucleic acids
      • Require living cells for replication
      • Smaller than bacteria
    • Prions:
      • Abnormally folded proteins
      • Smaller than viruses
      • Do not contain nucleic acids
      • Can only multiply within living cells

    Bacterial Species

    • Staphylococcus:

      • Gram-positive cocci in clusters
      • Common on mucous membranes and skin
      • Causes pyogenic (pus-forming) infections
      • Examples of clinical infections: Bovine mastitis, tick pyemia, exudative epidermitis, and botryomycosis. Also bumble foot infections in birds and staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats

    • Streptococcus:

      • Gram-positive cocci in chains
      • Commensal in mucous membranes
      • Causes pyogenic infections
      • Examples of clinical infections: Strangles, streptococcal suis infection and bovine streptococcal mastitis.

    • Actinobacteria:

      • Gram-positive; branching filaments
      • Opportunistic pathogens
      • Examples of clinical infections : Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes infection, Canine actinomycosis, Bovine nocardial mastitis, and others

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of bacteriology and Gram staining techniques with this quiz. You will encounter questions about different bacteria classifications, their diseases, and characteristics. Perfect for veterinary and microbiology students!

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