Bacterial Transformation Quiz

Adding a gene from one organism to a bacterial cell, changing the bacteria's traits.

Adding a foreign gene to an organism, expressing the gene product, and altering a trait.

A plasmid (small circular DNA) used to carry and express a specific gene.

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific places.

Using restriction enzymes to combine DNA from different sources.

A protein that glows green under UV light, used as a marker.

Technique using calcium chloride to make bacterial cells take up DNA.

A small, circular DNA molecule into which a gene of interest can be inserted.

DNA fragments with overhangs that can hybridize/bond.

DNA fragments with no overhangs.

Single-stranded DNA region at the 5' end of the DNA molecule.

Single-stranded DNA region at the 3' end of the DNA molecule.

DNA formed by joining fragments from different sources.

Enzyme that joins DNA fragments.

Specific DNA sequence recognized and cut by a restriction enzyme.

A plate with no foreign DNA added, used as a baseline to compare the results with plates that have been transformed with DNA.

A plate containing bacteria that have not been exposed to the foreign DNA, used to show that the bacteria alone don't grow on the antibiotic.

A plate containing bacteria that have been exposed to the foreign DNA but no ampicillin, showing that the bacteria can grow normally.

The number of transformed bacteria divided by the total number of bacteria in the transformation.

The +pGLO LB/amp plate only contains bacteria that have successfully taken up the pGLO plasmid (which has the ampicillin resistance gene) and can thus survive in the ampicillin.

A technique used to separate molecules based on their charge, size, and shape using an electric field and gel.

A porous gel that acts as a molecular filter in electrophoresis, allowing smaller molecules to move faster than larger ones.

The direction a molecule travels in electrophoresis determined by its charge (positive moves towards negative electrode).

The speed at which a molecule moves through the gel in electrophoresis, determined by its size and shape.

Electrophoresis allows us to separate different types of biopolymers (like proteins and nucleic acids) based on their unique migration patterns.

Electrophoresis primarily separates nucleic acids by size due to their consistent negative charge and linear shape.

Common gel materials used in electrophoresis, each with different pore sizes to separate different sized molecules.

Protein electrophoresis can be run in native conditions (preserving shape) or denaturing conditions (breaking down shape) to separate by different criteria.

A tool with graduations to accurately measure and transfer liquid volumes, like bacterial cell suspensions.

A solution containing dispersed bacterial cells, ready for transformation with genetic material.

Large, uniformly circular colonies indicate actively reproducing bacteria, ideal for transformation.

A tool used to pick up bacteria colonies without contaminating the sample.

The process of evenly spreading bacterial cells in a transformation solution, ensuring equal exposure to DNA.

Carefully drawing liquid into a pipette, avoiding cell damage.

Drawing liquid from the bottom of a tube and dispensing it back to the top, creating a gentle mixing action.

A diagram showing the locations of restriction enzyme cut sites on a DNA molecule, like a map of cuts for a tailor.

The total number of base pairs in the circular pGLO plasmid is 5371 bp.

On a circular DNA molecule, like pGLO, the location of the first base pair is chosen (arbitrarily) as the starting point for numbering all other base pairs.

The first restriction site on the pGLO plasmid (386 bp from the arbitrary start point), is cut by EcoRV.

In a gel electrophoresis result, 'below 1000' indicates that the detected DNA fragment is smaller than 1000 base pairs in length.

Bands in gel electrophoresis are formed by many DNA molecules of the same size, migrating at the same rate due to their common characteristics.

The restriction enzyme EcoRV cuts DNA at the following sequence: 5'-GATATC-3' / 3'-CTATAG-5'.

The restriction enzyme HindIII cuts DNA at the following sequence: 5'-AAGCTT-3' / 3'-TTCGAA-5'.