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Questions and Answers
What does Brucella cause in ungulates?
What does Brucella cause in ungulates?
- Leptospirosis
- Undulant fever
- Spontaneous abortion (correct)
- Rise and fall fever
Where can Brucella be caught from according to the text?
Where can Brucella be caught from according to the text?
- Livestock (correct)
- Wild animals
- Birds
- Mosquitos
Which bacterium is responsible for recycling sulfur in the environment?
Which bacterium is responsible for recycling sulfur in the environment?
- Zoogloeal
- Brucella abortus
- Thiobacillus (correct)
- Sphaerotilus
What is a characteristic of Zoogloeal organisms mentioned in the text?
What is a characteristic of Zoogloeal organisms mentioned in the text?
Which class does the genus Burkholderia belong to?
Which class does the genus Burkholderia belong to?
What is the method used to identify bacteria in a sample without culturing them?
What is the method used to identify bacteria in a sample without culturing them?
What is the technique that compares DNA sequences of base pairs to identify bacteria?
What is the technique that compares DNA sequences of base pairs to identify bacteria?
Which phylum contains over 2000 species of bacteria and is named after a Greek God?
Which phylum contains over 2000 species of bacteria and is named after a Greek God?
What is the primary method by which some members of Proteobacteria obtain energy?
What is the primary method by which some members of Proteobacteria obtain energy?
What physical property does Flow Cytometry detect in bacteria?
What physical property does Flow Cytometry detect in bacteria?
Which technique led to significant advancements in identifying new bacterial species?
Which technique led to significant advancements in identifying new bacterial species?
What is the genus of the bacteria that causes whooping cough?
What is the genus of the bacteria that causes whooping cough?
What is the most common symptom of N. gonorrhea infection?
What is the most common symptom of N. gonorrhea infection?
How does Bordetella pertussis affect the respiratory tract?
How does Bordetella pertussis affect the respiratory tract?
Which bacteria species can be spread from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, labor, or nursing?
Which bacteria species can be spread from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, labor, or nursing?
What is a potential consequence of Neisseria meningitidis infection?
What is a potential consequence of Neisseria meningitidis infection?
What distinguishes Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other bacteria mentioned in the text?
What distinguishes Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other bacteria mentioned in the text?
What is the only way to differentiate between the serovars in Salmonella enterica infected warm-blooded animals?
What is the only way to differentiate between the serovars in Salmonella enterica infected warm-blooded animals?
Which of the following statements about Salmonella typhimurium is true?
Which of the following statements about Salmonella typhimurium is true?
Which bacterium can be easily spread and only requires a small amount to cause infection?
Which bacterium can be easily spread and only requires a small amount to cause infection?
What is a common symptom of Shigella infection?
What is a common symptom of Shigella infection?
Where is Yersinia enterolitica typically found?
Where is Yersinia enterolitica typically found?
What can Yersinia enterolitica infection be mistaken for in adults?
What can Yersinia enterolitica infection be mistaken for in adults?
What is a common disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
What is a common disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?
Which bacterium is associated with nosocomial infections like UTIs and wounds?
Which bacterium is associated with nosocomial infections like UTIs and wounds?
What is a common source of antibiotics among Actinobacteria?
What is a common source of antibiotics among Actinobacteria?
Which bacterial species is responsible for causing foodborne illness that is particularly serious for pregnant women?
Which bacterial species is responsible for causing foodborne illness that is particularly serious for pregnant women?
Which bacterium is characterized by being pleomorphic with no definitive shape and resembling fried egg colonies?
Which bacterium is characterized by being pleomorphic with no definitive shape and resembling fried egg colonies?
What type of infections are commonly caused by Mycoplasma hominis?
What type of infections are commonly caused by Mycoplasma hominis?
What is the primary source of energy for chemotrophs mentioned in the text?
What is the primary source of energy for chemotrophs mentioned in the text?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing cat scratch fever?
Which bacterium is responsible for causing cat scratch fever?
What is the outcome of the 1st step that Nitrobacter performs in the nitrogen cycle?
What is the outcome of the 1st step that Nitrobacter performs in the nitrogen cycle?
Which bacterial genus interferes with egg development in insects?
Which bacterial genus interferes with egg development in insects?
What is the impact of Agrobacterium inserting a plasmid into a plant?
What is the impact of Agrobacterium inserting a plasmid into a plant?
What is the role of Rhizobium in the symbiotic relationship with plants?
What is the role of Rhizobium in the symbiotic relationship with plants?
Which bacterial family includes facultative anaerobes that can inhibit the intestinal tract and produce bacteriocins?
Which bacterial family includes facultative anaerobes that can inhibit the intestinal tract and produce bacteriocins?
Which bacteria is considered the 'work horse of microbiology' and is an indicator of food and water contamination?
Which bacteria is considered the 'work horse of microbiology' and is an indicator of food and water contamination?
What type of syndrome can develop in individuals who consume the deadly strain 0157:H7 of a certain bacterium?
What type of syndrome can develop in individuals who consume the deadly strain 0157:H7 of a certain bacterium?
Which bacterium is commonly found in the intestinal tracts of animals, particularly cattle and poultry, and has many serovars?
Which bacterium is commonly found in the intestinal tracts of animals, particularly cattle and poultry, and has many serovars?
Which bacterial genus includes species that are almost all pathogens and are common in the intestinal tracts of animals?
Which bacterial genus includes species that are almost all pathogens and are common in the intestinal tracts of animals?
What type of infection can be caused by certain strains of Escherichia coli through the production of enterotoxins?
What type of infection can be caused by certain strains of Escherichia coli through the production of enterotoxins?
Salmonella bongori is commonly found in which type of animals along with birds like chickens?
Salmonella bongori is commonly found in which type of animals along with birds like chickens?
What type of infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa primarily known for causing?
What type of infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa primarily known for causing?
Which bacterial genus is associated with causing sepsis in cattle and pneumonia in animals?
Which bacterial genus is associated with causing sepsis in cattle and pneumonia in animals?
What disease can Campylobacter jejuni cause?
What disease can Campylobacter jejuni cause?
Which bacterial order is known for its ability to break down various organic compounds including oil and plastic?
Which bacterial order is known for its ability to break down various organic compounds including oil and plastic?
What is a common symptom associated with Haemophilus influenzae infection in kids?
What is a common symptom associated with Haemophilus influenzae infection in kids?
Which bacterial genus is responsible for causing spontaneous abortions in domestic animals?
Which bacterial genus is responsible for causing spontaneous abortions in domestic animals?
What is a notable characteristic of Helicobacter species mentioned in the text?
What is a notable characteristic of Helicobacter species mentioned in the text?
Which bacterial class does the genus Campylobacter belong to?
Which bacterial class does the genus Campylobacter belong to?
Which bacterium is known for causing foodborne illness that can be particularly serious for pregnant women?
Which bacterium is known for causing foodborne illness that can be particularly serious for pregnant women?
Which bacterium is associated with causing mastitis in cattle?
Which bacterium is associated with causing mastitis in cattle?
Which bacterial species is responsible for walking pneumonia?
Which bacterial species is responsible for walking pneumonia?
Which bacterium is known for being pleomorphic with no definitive shape and resembling fried egg colonies?
Which bacterium is known for being pleomorphic with no definitive shape and resembling fried egg colonies?
Which bacterial group is commonly found in root canal treated teeth and associated with nosocomial infections like UTIs?
Which bacterial group is commonly found in root canal treated teeth and associated with nosocomial infections like UTIs?
'Group B S.agalactia' is associated with causing which of the following?
'Group B S.agalactia' is associated with causing which of the following?
'Streptomyces griseus' is responsible for the production of which antibiotic?
'Streptomyces griseus' is responsible for the production of which antibiotic?
'Mycoplasma hominis' typically causes which type of infections?
'Mycoplasma hominis' typically causes which type of infections?
Which bacterium is associated with nerve damage in extremities in diabetics with uncontrolled sugar levels?
Which bacterium is associated with nerve damage in extremities in diabetics with uncontrolled sugar levels?
Which bacterium is zoonotic, causing animals to become infected by breathing in or eating spores from contaminated soil, plants, or water?
Which bacterium is zoonotic, causing animals to become infected by breathing in or eating spores from contaminated soil, plants, or water?
Which bacterium is known for being an insecticide that is deadly to caterpillars but does not affect humans?
Which bacterium is known for being an insecticide that is deadly to caterpillars but does not affect humans?
Which bacterium is characterized by being a facultative anaerobe, producing enterotoxins, and causing issues with injury from stubbed toes?
Which bacterium is characterized by being a facultative anaerobe, producing enterotoxins, and causing issues with injury from stubbed toes?
Which bacterium is associated with sour foods like pickles and yogurt, is acidophilic, and lacks spores?
Which bacterium is associated with sour foods like pickles and yogurt, is acidophilic, and lacks spores?
Which bacterium forms endospores, is commonly associated with nosocomial infections, and can be difficult to eradicate?
Which bacterium forms endospores, is commonly associated with nosocomial infections, and can be difficult to eradicate?
"Grape-like clusters of GRAM + COCCI" describes which bacterium that tolerates high osmotic environments, is normal flora of skin and nasal passages, and can be antibiotic-resistant?
"Grape-like clusters of GRAM + COCCI" describes which bacterium that tolerates high osmotic environments, is normal flora of skin and nasal passages, and can be antibiotic-resistant?
"Toxins can cause diarrhea. Associated with cereal grains" refers to which bacterium?
"Toxins can cause diarrhea. Associated with cereal grains" refers to which bacterium?
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Study Notes
Bacteria Classification and Characteristics
- Pyogenes Aerotolerant: found on skin surface and in throat, produces hemolysins, toxins, and extracellular enzymes, causes parayngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, necrotizing fascitis, strep, toxic shock syndrome, and bacteremia
- S. agalactiae Facultative Anaerobe: found in digestive system and vagina, produces few if any virulent agents, causes mastitis in cattle, severe neonatal infections, UTI's, pneumonia, and endocarditis
- Enterococcus: formerly group D strep, causes nosocomial infections like UTI's and wounds, found in root canal treated teeth
- Listeria (L. monocytogenes): foodborne illness, very serious for pregnant women, causes spontaneous miscarriage, bacteria can survive refrigeration and freezing, avoid unpasteurized milk, raw dairy, soft cheese, hot dogs, deli meats
- Mycoplasma: no cell wall, DNA related to Gram +, pleomorphic, sometimes filamentous, very small, look like fried egg colonies
- M. pneumoniae: walking pneumonia, arthritis in goats
- M. hominis: urogenital infections and causes complications of pregnancy
Actinobacteria
- Obligate aerobes, facultative anaerobes: filamentous soil organisms, fresh dirt smell, capable of nitrogen fixation, common source of antibiotics
- Streptomyces: produces antibiotics
- S. aurofaciens: produces chlortetracycline
- S. rimosis: produces tetracycline
- S. griseus: produces streptomycin
- S. erythraeus: produces erythromycin
Bacillus
- Gram + rods, endospore forming, facultative anaerobes, non-motile
- B. anthracis (anthrax): zoonose infection, animals become infected by breathing in or eating spores from contaminated soil, plants, or water, humans become infected through breathing in spores or getting spores in a cut or scrape
- B. cereus: toxins can cause diarrhea, associated with cereal grains
- B. thuringiensis (insecticide): doesn't affect humans, deadly to catepillars, good for tomato plants, toxin is a protein that we regularly extract the gene and put it in corn (GMO corn resistant to catepillars)
Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus
- Lactobacillus: no spores, aerotolerant anaerobe, acidophils, sour foods like pickles/yogurt
- L. acidophilus: probiotic
- Staphylococcus: grape-like clusters of Gram + COCCI, tolerates high osmotic environments (salt and sugar), normal flora of skin and nasal passages
- S. aureus (antibiotic-resistant MRSA): can be a source of food contamination – toxins in food, opportunistic in wounds, nosocomial infections
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