Bacterial Reproduction and Genetics Quiz

<p>Fermentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transformation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accidental packaging of host DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aerobic respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pilus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Splicing of mRNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysogenic cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobic respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes are shared equally, plasmids are random (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates the uptake of foreign DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It circularizes to form a new plasmid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endonucleases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By synthesizing a complementary strand to the received plasmid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA replication, elongation, formation of the septum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be dormant for long periods. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratin-like protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action of PBPs and autolysins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exosporium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-60 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces water presence and stabilizes DNA during heat denaturation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free sulfhydryl groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circular, double-stranded and supercoiled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outgrowth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It contains high amounts of calcium and SASPs bound to the nucleoid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutritionally rich environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will have a significant effect due to the haploid genome. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A method of bacterial reproduction where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

The time it takes for a bacterial population to double in size. It can be calculated using the formula 2^n, where 'n' is the number of generations.

A dormant state of a bacterial cell that forms under harsh environmental conditions, enabling survival in extreme environments.

A process where the bacterial cell elongates, DNA replicates, and a dividing septum forms to separate the two daughter cells.

A structural component of a bacterial spore composed of proteins that provide resistance to environmental challenges.

A layer within the bacterial spore made of loosely arranged peptidoglycan, which contributes to the spore's resistance.

A complex, multi-layered structure that is more resistant to environmental stresses compared to the regular bacterial cell.

A type of bacterial spore that forms under harsh environmental conditions, such as lack of nutrients.

The innermost part of a bacterial spore, containing the core wall, cytoplasmic membrane, dehydrated cytoplasm, high amounts of calcium bound to dipicolinic acid, and small acid soluble proteins (SASPs) bound to the nucleoid.

A complex of calcium and dipicolinic acid found in the core protoplast of bacterial spores. It contributes to spore resistance to environmental stress.

The process by which a dormant bacterial spore transitions back into a metabolically active vegetative cell.

The first stage of germination, where the spore coat is damaged to allow entry of germinants.

The second stage of germination, triggered by favorable environmental conditions. It involves the degradation of the cortex, water uptake, and release of calcium dipicolinate.

The final stage of germination, where the spore's outer layers are degraded, and a new vegetative cell emerges and begins active biosynthesis.

The circular, double-stranded, and supercoiled DNA molecule that constitutes the bacterial genome.

Genetic elements in bacteria that are independent of the main chromosome. These can include plasmids and transposons.

Circular, double-stranded, and supercoiled DNA molecule found in bacteria. Plasmids can carry genes that provide bacteria with advantages like antibiotic resistance.

Viruses that infect bacteria. They can transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another.

The transfer of genetic material from one generation to the next, like a parent cell dividing to create offspring.

The transfer of genetic material between organisms that are not directly related, like from one bacteria to another.

The uptake of naked DNA from the environment into a bacterium.

The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via direct contact. This involves a specialized structure called a sex pilus.

The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage (virus).

This process involves a special enzyme that 'nicks' the DNA, a polymerase that builds a new strand, and a mechanism to displace the old strand. This results in the replication of both strands of the DNA.

A process by which bacteria exchange genetic material, not through direct reproduction, but through the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another.

A type of horizontal gene transfer where a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) serves as a carrier, transferring genetic material from one bacterium to another.

A type of transduction where bacteriophages transfer specific bacterial genes, usually those located near the phage integration site in the bacterial genome. This typically occurs during the lysogenic cycle.

A type of transduction where bacteriophages randomly package fragments of bacterial DNA into their capsids, transferring these random fragments to other bacteria. This occurs primarily during the lytic cycle.

Bacterial viruses, also known as phages, that infect and replicate within bacteria. They play a key role in transduction, transferring bacterial genes between cells.

The majority of bacteria relevant to pharmacy and medicine acquire carbon, nitrogen, and energy by breaking down organic compounds. This process is known as chemoheterotrophy.

A type of cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen, where oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the respiratory chain.

A type of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where other molecules like nitrate or fumarate act as the final electron acceptors in the respiratory chain.