Bacterial Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of bacterial peptidoglycans?

  • Polymeric chains of amino sugars (correct)
  • Oligopeptide chains
  • UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid
  • N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide

Which process involves the formation of a huge three-dimensional structure in bacterial peptidoglycans?

  • Cross linking of individual peptidoglycan strands (correct)
  • Synthesis of N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide
  • Formation of the polysaccharide chain
  • Addition of PEP and reduction of the pyruvyl group

What is the first step in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan involving S. aureus?

  • Cross linking of individual peptidoglycan strands
  • Formation of the polysaccharide chain
  • Addition of PEP and reduction of the pyruvyl group
  • Synthesis of N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide (correct)

How is UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid synthesized from UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine?

<p>Addition of PEP and reduction of pyruvyl group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process in peptidoglycan synthesis involves the addition of one residue at a time without mRNA templates and ribosomes?

<p>Building the peptide chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides specificity in the synthesis of N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide?

<p>Sequence shown in ATP dependent ligases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three classes of N-linked glycoproteins mentioned in the text?

<p>High mannose, complex oligosaccharide, and hybrid oligosaccharide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of N-linked glycoproteins contains elements of both high mannose and complex chains?

<p>Hybrid oligosaccharide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sugars are found in the complex oligosaccharides of N-linked glycoproteins?

<p>N-acetyl glucosamine, L-fucose, and NANA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do rigid cell walls play in bacteria?

<p>Regulate osmotic pressure within the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bacterial cell walls gives bacteria their characteristic shapes?

<p>Peptidoglycan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a hybrid oligosaccharide in N-linked glycoproteins?

<p>Contains elements of both high mannose and complex chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference in the cell wall structure between Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria?

<p>Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer, while Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of linkage connects the N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid in the bacterial cell wall polysaccharide chains?

<p>β 1→4 linkages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the tetrapeptide attached to the lactic acid moiety of N-acetyl muramic acid in the bacterial cell wall structure?

<p>Through a γ-carboxyl linkage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids make up the tetrapeptide that is attached to the lactic acid moiety of N-acetyl muramic acid?

<p>L-alanine, D-glutamate, L-lysine, D-alanine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are adjacent polysaccharide chains linked together in the bacterial cell wall structure?

<p>Through pentapeptide linkages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is the glycine tetrapeptide attached to in the bacterial cell wall structure?

<p>ε-amino group of each lysine residue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bacterial peptidoglycan main component

Polymeric chains of amino sugars

Peptidoglycan cross-linking

Formation of a large 3D structure in bacterial peptidoglycans.

S. aureus peptidoglycan synthesis first step

Synthesis of N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide.

UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid synthesis

Addition of PEP and reduction of pyruvyl group.

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Peptidoglycan peptide chain building

Adding one residue at a time without mRNA templates or ribosomes.

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N-acetyl muramyl pentapeptide specificity

Sequence defined by ATP-dependent ligases.

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N-linked glycoprotein classes

High mannose, complex oligosaccharide, hybrid oligosaccharide

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Hybrid oligosaccharide

Combination of high mannose and complex chains.

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Complex oligosaccharide sugars

N-acetyl glucosamine, L-fucose, NANA.

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Rigid cell wall bacterial role

Maintains osmotic pressure balance inside the cell.

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Bacterial shape determinant

Peptidoglycan.

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Hybrid oligosaccharide definition

Has elements of both high-mannose and complex chains.

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Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative cell wall

Gram-positive: thick peptidoglycan; Gram-negative: thin peptidoglycan.

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N-acetyl glucosamine-N-acetyl muramic acid linkage

β1→4 linkages.

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Tetrapeptide attachment to N-acetyl muramic acid

γ-carboxyl linkage.

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Tetrapeptide amino acids

L-alanine, D-glutamate, L-lysine, D-alanine.

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Adjacent polysaccharide chain linkage

Pentapeptide linkages.

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Glycine tetrapeptide attachment point

ε-amino group of the lysine residue.

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