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Questions and Answers
What shape do cocci bacteria have?
What shape do cocci bacteria have?
Which of the following describes spiral bacteria?
Which of the following describes spiral bacteria?
What is the distinguishing feature of vibrio bacteria?
What is the distinguishing feature of vibrio bacteria?
Which type of bacteria is characterized as helical and rigid?
Which type of bacteria is characterized as helical and rigid?
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Which of the following represents pleomorphic bacteria?
Which of the following represents pleomorphic bacteria?
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What term describes bacterial cells arranged in pairs?
What term describes bacterial cells arranged in pairs?
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Which arrangement describes bacteria that form clusters resembling grapes?
Which arrangement describes bacteria that form clusters resembling grapes?
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What is the term for spherical bacteria arranged in chains?
What is the term for spherical bacteria arranged in chains?
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Which of the following arrangements consists of eight bacterial cells?
Which of the following arrangements consists of eight bacterial cells?
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Which example of bacteria forms a tetrad arrangement?
Which example of bacteria forms a tetrad arrangement?
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What system of naming microorganisms did Carolus Linnaeus establish in 1739?
What system of naming microorganisms did Carolus Linnaeus establish in 1739?
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In binomial nomenclature, how is the genus name formatted?
In binomial nomenclature, how is the genus name formatted?
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What does the specific epithet in binomial nomenclature represent?
What does the specific epithet in binomial nomenclature represent?
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Which of the following is the correct format for naming the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus?
Which of the following is the correct format for naming the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus?
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What might the specific epithet in a microorganism's name do?
What might the specific epithet in a microorganism's name do?
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Which type of bacteria is characterized by its curved rod shape?
Which type of bacteria is characterized by its curved rod shape?
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What shape best describes Spirochetes?
What shape best describes Spirochetes?
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Which bacteria is associated with stomach ulcers?
Which bacteria is associated with stomach ulcers?
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What shape are Bacilli bacteria typically?
What shape are Bacilli bacteria typically?
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Which of the following bacteria is known to cause Lyme disease?
Which of the following bacteria is known to cause Lyme disease?
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Which domain of life includes prokaryotic organisms that often thrive in extreme environments?
Which domain of life includes prokaryotic organisms that often thrive in extreme environments?
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Which characteristic is NOT a criterion for differentiating the three domains of life?
Which characteristic is NOT a criterion for differentiating the three domains of life?
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What classification is a part of the Eukarya domain?
What classification is a part of the Eukarya domain?
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Which domain consists of organisms characterized by membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus?
Which domain consists of organisms characterized by membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus?
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Which of the following is a primary classification category within the Eukarya domain?
Which of the following is a primary classification category within the Eukarya domain?
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Which of the following kingdoms includes organisms that primarily have cell walls made of chitin?
Which of the following kingdoms includes organisms that primarily have cell walls made of chitin?
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Which of the following groups is classified under the domain Eukarya?
Which of the following groups is classified under the domain Eukarya?
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What is a defining feature of Archaea that differentiates them from pathogenic organisms?
What is a defining feature of Archaea that differentiates them from pathogenic organisms?
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Which of the following organisms is considered a protista?
Which of the following organisms is considered a protista?
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Which type of organisms is characterized by being unicellular and photosynthetic within the kingdom Protista?
Which type of organisms is characterized by being unicellular and photosynthetic within the kingdom Protista?
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Who was the first observer of microorganisms in various types of water?
Who was the first observer of microorganisms in various types of water?
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Which scientist discovered the connection between a specific fungus and muscardine disease in silkworms?
Which scientist discovered the connection between a specific fungus and muscardine disease in silkworms?
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What was the primary contribution of Henle in the study of microorganisms?
What was the primary contribution of Henle in the study of microorganisms?
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Which scientist was known for identifying vibrio and spirillum?
Which scientist was known for identifying vibrio and spirillum?
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What type of organisms did Rayer and Davaine discover?
What type of organisms did Rayer and Davaine discover?
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Which scientist is known for developing the germ theory of disease?
Which scientist is known for developing the germ theory of disease?
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What procedure is Robert Koch particularly known for?
What procedure is Robert Koch particularly known for?
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Which concept did Paul Ehrlich contribute to microbiology?
Which concept did Paul Ehrlich contribute to microbiology?
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What technique did Joseph Lister introduce to enhance surgical safety?
What technique did Joseph Lister introduce to enhance surgical safety?
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What is the primary use of the Petri dish in microbiology?
What is the primary use of the Petri dish in microbiology?
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Study Notes
Bacterial Morphology
- Bacteria are categorized based on their shape and structure.
- Bacilli: Rod-shaped
- Cocci: Spherical-shaped.
- Spiral: One or more twists, never straight
- Vibrio: Curved rods.
- Spirillum: Helical and rigid shape.
- Spirocheate: Helical and flexible.
Types of Bacteria
- Vibrio cholerae: Curved rod-shaped bacteria, causes cholera.
- Spirillum: Longer, rigid, corkscrew spiral-shaped bacteria. Includes Helicobacter pylori (stomach ulcers) and Campylobacter jejuni (diarrhea).
- Spirochetes: Long, thin, and more flexible corkscrew-shaped bacteria. Includes Treponema pallidum (syphilis) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease).
Bacilli
- Bacilli: Rod-shaped bacteria.
Bacteria Morphology and Arrangement
- Staphylo: Bunches or clusters of cells.
- Strepto: Chains of cells.
- Diplo: Pairs of cells
- Tetrad: Groups of four cells
- Sarcinae: Groups of eight cells.
- Pairs: Diplococci (pairs of cocci) or diplobacilli (pairs of bacilli)
Examples of Bacterial Species
- Staphylococcus aureus (Staphylo)
- Streptococcus pyogenes (Strepto)
- Sarcina maxima (Sarcinae)
Naming and Classifying Microorganisms
- Binomial nomenclature: Two-part naming system (Genus + specific epithet)
- Italicized (or underlined), genus capitalized, "latinized", used worldwide.
- Examples:
- Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)
- Escherichia coli (E.coli)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae)
Three Domain Classification
- Bacteria: Prokaryotic organisms, diverse.
- Archaea: Prokaryotic organisms, often extremophiles.
-
Eukarya: Eukaryotic organisms, containing membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plants
- Animals
Three Domains, 6 Kingdoms
-
Archaea:
- Extreme halophiles
- Extreme thermophiles
- Methanogens
-
Bacteria:
- Prokaryotes
- Various shapes
-
Eukarya:
- Fungi: Unicellular yeasts, multicellular molds, mushrooms.
- Protista: Protozoa, algae, protophyta, Euglena.
- Plantae: Mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants.
- Animalia: Sponges, worms, insects, vertebrates.
- Slime molds: "Fungus-like" organisms.
Cell Walls
- Bacteria: Contain peptidoglycan.
- Fungi: Primarily composed of chitin.
- Algae: Composed of cellulose.
A Brief History of Microbiology
Early Observers of Microorganisms
- Antony Leeuwenhoek (1674): First observer of microorganisms.
- Agostino Bassi (1835): Discovered Botrytis bassians and the muscardine disease in silkworms.
- Ehrenberg (1838): Identified bacteria, vibrio, and spirillum.
- Rayer & Davaine (1850): Discovered rod-shaped organisms
- Henle (1840): Identified microorganisms (M.O) causing diseases in humans. Developed contagium vivum and contagium animatum.
First Golden Age of Microbiology
- Pasteur: Fermentation, disproved spontaneous generation, Pasteurization.
- Lister: Aseptic surgery.
- Koch: Germ theory of disease.
- Gram: Gram-staining procedure.
- Escherich: Escherichia coli.
- Petri: Petri dish.
- Ehrlich: Theory of immunity, arsenic derivative to treat Syphilis (magic bullet).
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Description
This quiz explores the classification of bacteria based on their morphology, including shapes like bacilli, cocci, and spiral forms. Additionally, it addresses specific bacteria and their pathological significance. Test your knowledge on how bacteria are arranged and identify various types.
