30 Questions
What is the stored form of electrons necessary for biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria?
NADH+H+
What did Robert Koch's postulates require regarding the presence of an organism in a disease?
Must be isolated from the infected host
In bacterial metabolism, what does aerobic respiration produce that can be harmful?
Peroxide and toxic oxygen radicals
What did Dr. Stanley Falkow propose as part of Molecular Koch's Postulates in the 80s?
Virulence gene is associated with microbe causing disease
What did Robert Koch's postulates require regarding the reproduction of a specific disease?
Reproduction upon re-inoculation into healthy hosts
What is one characteristic response of bacteria to oxygen related to their ability to use O2 as a final acceptor?
Oxygen resistance
Which bacterium is most likely to infect the body through ingestion?
Yersinia enterocolitica
Which bacterium is commonly transmitted through sexual contact?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Which bacterium is primarily associated with trauma-related infections?
Pseudomonas spp.
Which bacterium is likely to cause infection following an arthropod bite?
Yersinia pestis
Which bacterium contributes to microbial shedding according to the text?
Treponema pallidum
Which bacterium is specifically mentioned for its ability to produce virulence factors?
Clostridium botulinum
What is the purpose of endosporulation in bacteria?
To prepare for unfavorable environmental conditions
Which statement accurately describes bacterial cell division?
The process involves membrane attachment of the DNA to form septum
What is the defining characteristic of the death phase in bacterial growth?
Fraction of population loses viability at each time increment
Which genera of bacteria exclusively undergo endosporulation?
Bacillus and Clostridium
Which type of bacteria is considered nutritionally fastidious?
Bacteria with extensive nutritional requirements
What is the key characteristic of a bacterium undergoing endosporulation?
Formation of a heat and chemical resistant cell type
What is the main purpose of converting organic substrates in pathogenic bacteria?
To synthesize macromolecules required for cell growth
In which type of bacterial division does each daughter cell receive a complete copy of the genome?
Binary fission
Why are nutrients considered essential for bacterial growth?
To maintain bacterial metabolism
Which bacterial process is always an asexual mode of reproduction?
Endosporulation
Which type of bacteria is able to grow with glucose as the sole carbon, energy, and electron source?
Saprophytic bacteria
What happens to some bacteria during the stationary phase?
They cease dividing but remain viable
What type of bacterial product directly harms tissue or triggers destructive biological activities?
Exotoxin
Which component of bacterial endotoxins is considered toxic?
Lipid A
Which type of bacteria can produce endotoxin?
Only gram-negative bacteria
Where is the toxin gene encoded for toxins like the tetanus toxin of C.tetani and heat-labile [LT] and heat-stabile [ST] toxins of enterotoxigenic E.coli?
Plasmid
What determines the disease for many bacteria, such as C.diphtheriae and C.tetani?
Exotoxin effects
Which bacterial structure results in weaker, endotoxin-like responses in gram-positive bacteria?
Lipoteichoic acids
Test your knowledge on bacterial metabolism, aerobic respiration, fermentation, and the responses of bacteria to oxygen. Explore how bacteria generate ATP, NAD+, and the differences in oxygen resistance. Learn about the production of peroxide and oxygen radicals in aerobic metabolism.
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