Bacterial Growth and Reproduction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which stage of the bacterial growth curve is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of bacterial cells through binary fission?

  • Decline phase
  • Lag phase
  • Log phase (correct)
  • Stationary phase

    • During which phase of the bacterial growth curve would disease symptoms develop?

  • Lag phase
  • Log phase (correct)
  • Stationary phase
  • Decline phase

    • What is the purpose of using the streak plate method?

  • To dilute the culture with each streak (correct)
  • To differentiate between live and dead cells
  • To count the number of bacteria in a culture tube
  • To generate antibiotics

    • What does it mean for an organism to be VBNC?

    <p>Viable but not culturable. Cannot pure culture it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four stages of the bacterial growth curve?

    <p>Lag, Log, Stationary, Decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interval of time between the binary fission of a cell called?

    <p>Generation time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the bacterial growth curve would antibiotics be generated?

    <p>Stationary phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some ways to count the number of bacteria in a culture tube?

    <p>A Petroff hausser chamber, using fluorescence to differentiate between live and dead cells, Coulter counter, optical density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five classifications of oxygen requirement?

    <p>Aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic, microaerophilic, capnophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Coulter counter used for in bacterial counting?

    <p>To electronically count bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms require oxygen at a lower level?

    <p>Microaerophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms can live without oxygen and does not undergo aerobic respiration?

    <p>Aerotolerant/obligate fermenters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of growing an organism under the Gaspak system?

    <p>To find out if bacteria are anaerobic or aerobic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capnophile?

    <p>An organism that requires high CO2 levels to grow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the catalase test tell us about an organism's ability to undergo aerobic respiration?

    <p>It tests the organism's ability to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three classifications of optimal pH?

    <p>Acidophiles, neutrophiles, alkaliphiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to point out an organism's optimum temperature?

    <p>The temperature at which the organism multiplies most rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are psychrotrophs different from psychrophiles?

    <p>Psychrophiles grow in extremely cold environments, while psychrotrophs grow in cold environments but can tolerate higher temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one refers to the most pathogenic bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a barophile?

    <p>An organism that can withstand high barometric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the bacterial growth curve is characterized by a rapid increase in the number of bacterial cells through binary fission?

    <p>Log phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of growing an organism under the Gaspak system?

    <p>To create an anaerobic environment for the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three classifications of optimal pH?

    <p>Acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and neutrophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a barophile?

    <p>An organism that thrives in high pressure environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the catalase test tell us about an organism's ability to undergo aerobic respiration?

    <p>It determines the organism's ability to produce catalase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are psychrotrophs different from psychrophiles?

    <p>Psychrotrophs can grow at higher temperatures than psychrophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one refers to the most pathogenic bacteria?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Coulter counter used for in bacterial counting?

    <p>To electronically count the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms can live without oxygen and does not undergo aerobic respiration?

    <p>Anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capnophile?

    <p>An organism that requires an increased level of carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms require oxygen at a lower level?

    <p>Microaerophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a capnophile?

    <p>An organism that requires high levels of carbon dioxide to survive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean to point out an organism's optimum temperature?

    <p>The temperature at which the organism multiplies most rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the different optimum temperature classifications and what are the temperature ranges for each?

    <p>Psychrophiles: below 15C, Mesophiles: 25C to 40C, Thermophiles: 50C to 60C, Hyperthermophiles: 80C or higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are psychrotrophic different from psychrophiles?

    <p>Psychrotrophs grow in extremely cold environments, while psychrophiles grow in cold environments but can tolerate higher temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one refers to the most pathogenic bacteria?

    <p>Neutrophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is helicobacter pylori able to cause ulcers in the highly acidic environment of the stomach despite being a neutrophile?

    <p>It can withstand acidic environments by breaking down urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a barophile?

    <p>An organism that can withstand high barometric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a halophile?

    <p>An organism that can tolerate high levels of salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between complex and synthetic media?

    <p>Complex media does not provide enough information about the ingredients or proportion of nutrients, while synthetic media has a precise chemical composition and amount of all components known</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the differences between selective, differential, and enriched media?

    <p>Selective media inhibits the growth of bacteria in a mixture while allowing others, differential media makes it easy to differentiate colonies via biochemical reactions, and enriched media contains special nutrients for fastidious bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>DNA contains Thymine while RNA contains Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a plasmid in bacteria?

    <p>To carry genetic material that is not essential for the survival of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the complete nucleotide sequence of an organism?

    <p>Genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between DNA and RNA in terms of their sugar component?

    <p>DNA contains Deoxyribose while RNA contains Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct definition of genotype?

    <p>The genes involved in a specific property or trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the observable property of a cell resulting from the genes?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of a gene?

    <p>A single unit of a genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms shows dependence of slime layer production on the presence of sugar?

    <p>Streptococcus mutans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms shows dependence of pigment production on temperature?

    <p>Serratia marcescens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is DNA organized within the nucleoid region in bacteria?

    <p>Into loop domains through supercoiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Frederick Griffith's experiments, what was the genetic material responsible for transformation?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the S and R strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

    <p>S strain produces a capsule, R strain does not produce a capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did George Beadle and Edward Tatum prove the principle of 'one gene codes for one enzyme'?

    <p>By conducting a series of experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding of the experiments of Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty?

    <p>DNA is the genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the experiments of Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty related to those of Frederick Griffith?

    <p>They built upon Griffith's work on transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Hershey and Chase experiment?

    <p>They proved that DNA is the genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conclusion did Frederick Griffith draw from his experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

    <p>There is genetic material being transferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the important discovery of George Beadle and Edward Tatum?

    <p>One gene codes for one enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty find to be the genetic material?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key finding of Frederick Griffith's experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae?

    <p>There is genetic material being transferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which codon serves as the start codon in DNA replication?

    <p>AUG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mutation that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein?

    <p>Missense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results in the premature termination of protein synthesis?

    <p>Nonsense mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results in a frameshift and a change in the reading frame?

    <p>Deletion mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a chemical mutagen?

    <p>Base analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a physical mutagen?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA repair is responsible for correcting mistakes in DNA replication?

    <p>Mismatch repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA repair removes a whole section of DNA?

    <p>Nucleotide excision repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA repair removes a bond between two DNA strands?

    <p>Photoreactivation repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gene transfer involves the transfer of viral DNA from one bacterium to another?

    <p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the essential functions of DNA?

    <p>To encode messenger RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>DNA encodes messenger RNA, which encodes protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does replication differ between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between polycistronic mRNA and monocistronic mRNA?

    <p>Polycistronic mRNA encodes multiple polypeptides, while monocistronic mRNA encodes only one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the central dogma?

    <p>It helps ribosomes bind to mRNA by facilitating the identification of the start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is rolling circle replication?

    <p>The process of DNA replication in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an essential function of DNA?

    <p>Encoding messenger RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the central dogma?

    <p>To help ribosomes bind to mRNA by facilitating the identification of the start codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between polycistronic mRNA and monocistronic mRNA?

    <p>Polycistronic mRNA encodes multiple polypeptides, while monocistronic mRNA encodes only one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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