30 Questions
Which category of microorganisms is completely dependent on the cells they infect?
Viruses
Which microorganisms can be further categorized based on staining of cell wall, shape, oxygen requirements, and ability to form spores?
Bacteria
Which type of fungi have threadlike tubular structures and specialized asexual reproductive forms?
Multi-celled organisms (molds)
Which category of microorganisms are eukaryotes?
Parasites
Which category of microorganisms can be subdivided into DNA or RNA viruses, but never both?
Viruses
Which category of microorganisms have properties such as presence or absence of an envelope or shape/size that can lead to further classification?
Viruses
During which phase of bacterial growth does cell division occur rapidly?
Logarithmic phase
Which type of bacterial metabolism is characterized by utilizing an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as the final hydrogen acceptor?
Anaerobic metabolism
What characteristic differentiates the termination sites of bacterial mRNA transcripts?
Presence of stem loop structure
What is the role of sigma factor in bacterial gene expression?
Switching on sets of genes for transcription initiation
Which genetic element is capable of independently moving within a cell and between cells through horizontal gene transfer?
Plasmids
What is the function of an initiator tRNA molecule in bacterial translation?
Carries formylmethione
Which type of infectious disease can occur when the normal flora get displaced?
Endogenous infection
What is the characteristic cellular organization of prokaryotic organisms?
Unicellular and lack nuclear membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, or ER
What are the bacterial ribosomes characterized as?
70S
Where does genomic replication begin in bacteria?
Nucleoid
Which enzyme is responsible for initiating unwinding and separation of the two DNA strands during genomic replication in bacteria?
Helicases
What is responsible for cellular arrangements of bacteria morphology?
Cell division
Which genetic element can carry toxin genes like Diphtheria toxin?
Transposons
What type of transfer involves the uptake of naked DNA fragments by bacterial cells?
Transformation
Which bacterial classification is based on the stain retention ability of the cell wall?
Peptidoglycan classification
What is the main structural component of the cell wall in bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
Which bacterial species have no peptidoglycan in their cell wall?
Mycoplasma species
What do we call the ability of a bacterium to cause damage to the host?
Virulence
Which bacterial virulence factor is made of high molecular weight polysaccharides and provides protection against phagocytosis by host cells?
Capsule
What is the main function of pili (fimbriae) in bacteria?
Attachment to host cells
Which bacterial virulence factor is negatively regulated by the presence of free iron in the growth environment?
Diphtheria toxin
What is the main role of flagella in bacteria?
Motility
Which bacterial virulence factor is composed of Lipid A, core polysaccharide, and an O antigen, and is a powerful stimulator of innate and adaptive immune responses?
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
What is the function of biofilm as a bacterial virulence factor?
Protecting bacteria from antibiotics and host immune defenses
Test your knowledge on the phases of bacterial growth, including lag phase, logarithmic phase, stationary phase, and death phase, as well as the oxygen requirements for bacterial growth. Explore the characteristic patterns of bacterial growth and the correlation between bacterial oxygen requirements and enzymatic ability.
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