Bacterial Growth and Bioprocessing Quiz

Cell Wall = Protects the bacteria from mechanical damage and osmotic rupture Plasmid = Contains genetic information and replicates inside a bacterium Nucleoid = Contains the genomic DNA Ribosomes = Responsible for protein synthesis (sometimes present)

Spheres (cocci) = Can occur singularly or in various groupings Rods (bacilli) = Occur singularly or in various groups, some have flagella Spirals (spirillum) = Some are tightly coiled while others are only slightly coiled, some have flagella Slime Capsule = Protects the bacteria from phagocytic white blood cells

Prokaryotes = Do not have membrane-bound organelles E.coli = Under ideal conditions, can reproduce every 20 minutes Binary Fission = Asexual reproduction process where genetic material and plasmids replicate and produce two identical cells

Phase 1 = Lag phase: Bacteria adapt to their new environment, no increase in population Phase 2 = Log phase: Rapid increase in population as bacteria divide at their most rapid rate Phase 3 = Stationary phase: Population growth slows as the rate of cell growth equals the rate of cell death Phase 4 = Death phase: Population decreases as cells die at a rapid rate

Lag phase = Period of adjustment where bacteria are metabolically active but not dividing Log phase = Period of rapid exponential growth Stationary phase = Period of equilibrium where growth rate equals death rate Death or decline phase = Period of decline due to depletion of nutrients or buildup of waste materials

Endospores = Resistant structures formed by bacteria in response to harmful conditions Autotrophic bacteria = Capable of synthesizing their own food using light or inorganic compounds Heterotrophic bacteria = Obtain energy and carbon from organic compounds Beneficial bacteria = Used in the production of yogurt, cheese, antibiotics, and nutrient recycling in soil

Antibiotics = Substances made by microorganisms to kill other microorganisms Antibiotic resistance = Can result from overuse, failure to complete the course, or antibiotic residues in food Batch process = Involves adding nutrients and microorganisms to the bioreactor at the start and is used for antibiotics Continuous process = Involves continuously adding nutrients to the bioreactor and allows for a continuous yield of product

Cell Wall = Protects the bacteria from mechanical damage and osmotic rupture Plasmid = Contains genetic information and replicates inside a bacterium Nucleoid = Contains the genomic DNA Flagellum = Allows the bacteria to move

Spheres (cocci) = Can occur singularly or in various groupings Rods (bacilli) = Occur singularly or in various groups, some with flagella Spirals (spirillum) = Some tightly coiled, some slightly coiled, some with flagella Slime capsule = Protects the bacteria from phagocytic white blood cells

Do not have a nuclear membrane = Prokaryotic characteristic Do not have membrane-bound organelles = Prokaryotic characteristic Asexual reproduction by binary fission = Reproduction characteristic Reproduction every 20 minutes under ideal conditions = Rapid reproduction characteristic

Lag Phase = Bacteria adapt to new environment and prepare for reproduction Log Phase = Rapid reproduction and exponential growth Stationary Phase = Rate of reproduction equals rate of death, population stabilizes Death Phase = Decline in population due to depletion of nutrients and buildup of waste products

Lag phase = Bacteria adapt to new environment and prepare for growth Log phase = Bacteria grow and reproduce at a constant rate Stationary phase = Nutrient depletion and waste accumulation lead to growth stalling Death or decline phase = Bacteria start to die due to unfavorable conditions or lack of resources

Endospores = Resistant structures formed by bacteria in response to harmful conditions Autotrophic bacteria = Can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis Heterotrophic bacteria = Obtain nutrients from organic compounds produced by other organisms Beneficial bacteria = Used in the production of yogurt, cheese, antibiotics, and nutrient recycling in soil

Antibiotics = Substances made by microorganisms to kill other microorganisms Antibiotic resistance = Can result from overuse, failure to complete the course, or antibiotic residues in food Batch process = Involves adding nutrients and microorganisms to the bioreactor at the start and is used for antibiotics Continuous process = Involves continuously adding nutrients to the bioreactor and allows for a continuous yield of product