30 Questions
What are the monomer building blocks of DNA called?
Deoxyribonucleotides
How many nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
Four
What is the process of generating an identical set of genes during cell division called?
DNA Replication
Which enzyme can add free nucleotides to only the 3' end of the newly-forming DNA strand?
DNA Polymerase
What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?
A=T, G≡C
Which type of organism uses light as an energy source for growth?
Phototrophs
What is the chemical basis of energy production?
Energy storage and release
What is the term for organisms that can synthesize their own organic molecules from inorganic sources?
Autotrophs
Which type of organisms obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds?
Chemolithotrophs
What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds?
Chemoorganotrophs
What is the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA called?
Transcription
What term describes molecules that inhibit the growth or kill bacteria?
Antibiotics
Which enzyme is responsible for copying the DNA and producing an RNA transcript?
RNA polymerase
What is the function of Ciprofloxacin in bacterial cells?
It targets DNA gyrase to prevent cell division
What is the role of transposons in bacterial genetics?
They can 'jump' within the bacterial genome and carry antibiotic resistance genes
What is the primary target of Rifampicin among bacterial cellular processes?
RNA polymerase
What is the significance of plasmids in bacterial cells?
They replicate independently and can carry antibiotic resistance genes
In what process do DNA fragments get integrated into the host genome?
Transformation
What is the function of tetracycline in bacterial cells?
It inhibits ribosome function to halt protein synthesis
What is the primary mode of genetic transfer between bacterial cells that requires cell-to-cell contact?
Conjugation
What is a codon?
A set of three adjacent nucleotides encoding a particular amino acid
What is the most common source of genetic variation in bacteria?
Mutation
How do some bacteria acquire DNA fragments directly from their environment?
Transformation
What are transposons capable of carrying within the bacterial genome or plasmids?
Antibiotic resistance genes and enzymes for transposition
Which enzyme is targeted by Ciprofloxacin?
DNA gyrase
What do transposons often contain?
Antibiotic resistance genes
Which enzyme copies the DNA and produces an RNA transcript (mRNA) during gene expression?
RNA polymerase
What is the term for circular extrachromosomal DNA that replicates independently and can move between cells?
Plasmids
What is the process of DNA transfer between bacteria via infection with a bacteriophage called?
Transduction
Which type of genetic exchange between bacterial cells requires cell-to-cell contact and can occur between different bacterial species?
Conjugation
Test your knowledge on bacterial genetics and metabolic diversity with a focus on energy production, storage, and release. This quiz also covers gene structure, DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
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