Bacterial Genetics and Metabolic Diversity
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Questions and Answers

What are the monomer building blocks of DNA called?

  • Nucleosides
  • Deoxyribonucleotides (correct)
  • Deoxynucleosides
  • Ribonucleotides

    • How many nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?

  • Three
  • Four (correct)
  • Five
  • Six

    • What is the process of generating an identical set of genes during cell division called?

  • Transcription
  • Gene Expression
  • Translation
  • DNA Replication (correct)

    • Which enzyme can add free nucleotides to only the 3' end of the newly-forming DNA strand?

    <p>DNA Polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the complementary base pairs in DNA?

    <p>A=T, G≡C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organism uses light as an energy source for growth?

    <p>Phototrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical basis of energy production?

    <p>Energy storage and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that can synthesize their own organic molecules from inorganic sources?

    <p>Autotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of organisms obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds?

    <p>Chemolithotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for bacteria that obtain energy from the oxidation of organic compounds?

    <p>Chemoorganotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA called?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes molecules that inhibit the growth or kill bacteria?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for copying the DNA and producing an RNA transcript?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Ciprofloxacin in bacterial cells?

    <p>It targets DNA gyrase to prevent cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transposons in bacterial genetics?

    <p>They can 'jump' within the bacterial genome and carry antibiotic resistance genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of Rifampicin among bacterial cellular processes?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of plasmids in bacterial cells?

    <p>They replicate independently and can carry antibiotic resistance genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what process do DNA fragments get integrated into the host genome?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tetracycline in bacterial cells?

    <p>It inhibits ribosome function to halt protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of genetic transfer between bacterial cells that requires cell-to-cell contact?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a codon?

    <p>A set of three adjacent nucleotides encoding a particular amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common source of genetic variation in bacteria?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do some bacteria acquire DNA fragments directly from their environment?

    <p>Transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transposons capable of carrying within the bacterial genome or plasmids?

    <p>Antibiotic resistance genes and enzymes for transposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is targeted by Ciprofloxacin?

    <p>DNA gyrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transposons often contain?

    <p>Antibiotic resistance genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme copies the DNA and produces an RNA transcript (mRNA) during gene expression?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for circular extrachromosomal DNA that replicates independently and can move between cells?

    <p>Plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of DNA transfer between bacteria via infection with a bacteriophage called?

    <p>Transduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic exchange between bacterial cells requires cell-to-cell contact and can occur between different bacterial species?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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