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Questions and Answers
Which enzyme affects collagen?
Which type of bacteria is associated with health and lives in harmony with the body?
What is the initial layer that bacteria attach to called?
What process allows bacteria to communicate and coordinate their behavior?
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What is the body's first line of defense against germs entering the body?
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Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down elastic fibers?
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What is the definition of periodontitis?
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What percentage of periodontitis is caused by the host response?
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In periodontitis, what causes inflammation in host tissues indirectly?
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Which bacterium in periodontal diseases produces collagenase?
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What type of toxins are produced by bacteria in periodontal diseases?
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What is the primary cause of tooth and bone loss in chronic periodontitis?
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Study Notes
Enzymes and Toxins
- Enzymes: Collagenase (breaks down collagen), Elastase (breaks down elastin), Hyaluronidase (breaks down hyaluronic acid), Proteases (break down proteins)
- Toxins: Hydrogen sulphide, Ammonia, Volatile fatty acids
- Exotoxins: Produced by bacteria itself
- Endotoxins: Found within bacteria
Bacterial Flora and Biofilm
- Bacterial flora: A community of bacteria that exists on or in the body, possessing a unique ecological relationship with the host
- In health: Symbiosis, Commensal or symbiotic (live in harmony with the body), e.g., Strep oralis, Strep sanguis
- In disease: Dysbiosis, Gram negative (not friendly), Anaerobic (doesn't like oxygen), e.g., Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG)
- Layers of bacteria:
- Acquired pellicle: Composed of mucins, glycoproteins, and proteins, attracts aerobic friendly bacteria
- Biofilm maturation: Quorum sensing, bacterial communication, and sharing of genetic code
Immunity and Pathogenesis
- Innate/Non-Specific Immunity: First line of defense, physical barriers, antibacterial enzymes, and antibodies
- Adaptive/Specific Immunity: Complement cascade, epithelial cells, and immune response
- Pathogenesis: Development of disease, triggered by bacterial microorganisms/biofilm, causing tooth/bone loss
Periodontitis
- Definition: Chronic inflammatory disease affecting periodontal structures due to accumulation of dental plaque, causing irreversible damage
- Causes: 20% - Biofilm, 80% - Host response
- Bacteria triggers response by: Quantity (directly invading host tissues) or Indirectly (producing bi-products/toxins)
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Description
Test your knowledge on enzymes and toxins produced by bacteria, including their effects on different substances. Explore topics such as collagenase, proteases, hyaluronidase, exotoxins, endotoxins, and bacterial flora.
