30 Questions
What is the characteristic arrangement used to group Cocci?
Clusters
What shape do bacteria with less than one complete twist or turn typically have?
Spiral
What are the hair-like helical appendages responsible for swimming motility in bacteria called?
Flagella
Which bacterial species is an example of Streptobacilli?
Bacillus subtilis
What is the common external structure found in all bacterial cells?
Cell wall
Which shape indicates that a bacterium has one or more complete turns?
Helical
Who proposed the kingdom 'Protista' to include microorganisms that are typically neither plants nor animals?
E.H. Haeckel
Which of the following is not included in the Protists kingdom according to the text?
Viruses
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Absence of nuclear membrane
Which group of microorganisms are referred to as 'higher protists'?
Fungi
In which century were all living organisms grouped into two kingdoms, plant and animal, before the discovery of the microbial world?
18th century
What was discovered with the aid of electron microscopy in the 1940s that led to the distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Presence of a nuclear membrane
During which phase of growth does cell growth occur without cell division?
Lag phase
What factor does not influence the length of the lag phase?
Cell mass
If a culture in exponential growth is transferred to fresh medium, which of the following is likely true?
No lag phase is observed
What happens to the population of cells during the lag phase?
Gradual increase
In which phase do all cells become capable of dividing at regular intervals by the end?
Lag phase
Which type of culture inoculum is more likely to result in a lag phase when transferred to fresh medium?
Inoculum from stationary phase culture
Which of the following serves as a reserve source of phosphate in bacteria?
Volutin granules
In which habitat are gas vesicles typically found in bacteria?
Aquatic
Which type of spore is extremely resistant to desiccation, staining, disinfecting chemicals, radiation, and heat?
Endospores
Which type of spore is formed external to the vegetative cell by budding at one end of the cell?
Exospores
Which type of spore is contained in an enclosing sac called a sporangium?
Sporangiospores
In which bacterial genera are endospores typically produced (one per cell)?
Bacillus
What controls the level of growth in a medium?
Nutrient concentration
How does a turbidostat control growth rate?
By monitoring cell density or turbidity
What prevents exponential growth from occurring indefinitely in a closed system?
Exhaustion of nutrients or accumulation of toxic products
What would happen if a single bacterium with 20 minutes generation time grew exponentially for 48 hours?
Produce a population about 4000 times the weight of the earth
What occurs during the stationary phase in bacterial growth?
Slow loss of cells through death balanced by new cell formation
How is growth rate controlled in a photostat used for photosynthetic organisms?
By controlling the light supply
Test your knowledge about the various granules and structures present in the cytoplasm of certain bacteria, including volutin granules, poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), glycogen, gas vesicles, and bacterial spores.
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