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Match the following mechanisms of genetic material transfer with their descriptions:
Match the following mechanisms of genetic material transfer with their descriptions:
Bacterial conjugation = Transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells Transformation = Mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria that does not involve cell-to-cell contact Transduction = Mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria that does not involve cell-to-cell contact Classical E. coli conjugation = Involves the exchange of genetic material and often regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual reproduction
Match the following components of classical E. coli conjugation with their roles:
Match the following components of classical E. coli conjugation with their roles:
Donor cell = Provides a conjugative or mobilizable genetic element such as a plasmid or transposon Recipient cell = Receives the genetic material and has systems ensuring it does not already contain a similar genetic element Conjugative plasmids = Most often the genetic element provided by the donor cell during classical E. coli conjugation Gamete = Not involved in classical E. coli conjugation as no exchange occurs
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Bacterial conjugation = Parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria involving direct cell-to-cell contact for genetic material transfer Horizontal gene transfer = Mechanism of genetic material exchange in bacteria, including bacterial conjugation, transformation, and transduction Pilus = Structure through which genetic material is transferred during bacterial conjugation Plasmid = Commonly provided by the donor cell during classical E. coli conjugation
Match the following statements with the correct classification:
Match the following statements with the correct classification:
Match the following terms with their involvement in genetic material transfer:
Match the following terms with their involvement in genetic material transfer:
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Study Notes
Genetic Material Transfer Mechanisms
- Transformation: direct uptake of free DNA by a cell, resulting in genetic alteration
- Transduction: transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage (bacterial virus)
- Conjugation: direct transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another through a direct cell-to-cell contact
Components of Classical E. coli Conjugation
- F pilus: a protein structure that establishes a connection between the donor and recipient cells
- Relaxase: an enzyme that cuts the DNA strand at the origin of transfer, allowing the transfer of a single strand of DNA
- Type IV secretion system: a complex of proteins that facilitates the transfer of DNA from the donor to the recipient cell
Key Terms in Genetic Material Transfer
- Plasmid: a small, self-replicating circular DNA molecule that can be transferred between bacteria
- Bacteriophage: a virus that infects bacteria, can be used to transfer DNA between bacteria
- Competent cell: a cell that is capable of taking up free DNA from its surroundings
Classification of Genetic Material Transfer Statements
- Horizontal gene transfer: the transfer of genetic material between organisms other than by vertical inheritance (from parent to offspring)
- Vertical gene transfer: the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring
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