Bacterial Classification and Taxonomy Quiz

<p>A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symbiont (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes antigenicity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical and physical properties of cell walls. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purple (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mordant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To decolorize the sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycolic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycoplasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomal DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific activity in the host (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins made of proteins are strongly antigenic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linking antigen receptors, causing T-cell proliferation with no immune protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it lives inside cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obligate pathogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opportunistic pathogens can become pathogenic under certain conditions (e.g., suppressed immune system), while obligate pathogens always require a host to cause disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exotoxins are heat-labile, endotoxins are heat-stable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weakly antigenic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Housing conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The biological mechanism(s) that lead to a disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which the infection disrupts the host's normal function. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fungus that can grow both inside and outside of a host organism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A disorder of structure or function that adversely impacts the host. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial transduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial conjugation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate quorum sensing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoflagella (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cooperative behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases resistance to environmental stress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double plasma membrane with LPS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contains plasmids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycobacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximal stationary phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endospore (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack a peptidoglycan layer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycoplasma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thick, multilayered peptidoglycan layer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offer protection against harmful molecules and environmental stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Makes them not very resistant to drying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic conservation and evolutionary relationships. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They include both symbiotic organisms and free-living species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotypic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both organisms benefit from the interaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a database that defines and standardizes the naming of bacterial species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spirochete (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generation time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lag phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximal stationary phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaerobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microaerophiles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capnophiles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7.2-7.4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facultative anaerobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adherence to host tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the microorganism lacks the ability to exit the host and transmit to another individual. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incubation period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End of the incubation period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endotoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial transduction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quorum sensing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is present in all bacterial cell walls. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dense population of bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Classification of bacteria based on genotypic, phylogenetic, and phenotypic properties.

Highly conserved genes used for accurate classification of organisms.

Non-harmful bacteria that can aid in various life processes.

An organism living in symbiosis with another dissimilar organism.

A type of symbiotic relationship where both species benefit.

Release of components from cells when they are damaged.

The property of polysaccharides that allows them to trigger immune responses.

Bacteria that retain crystal violet dye and appear purple under the microscope.

Bacteria that show up pink after being stained, only absorbing safranin.

Known for its thick, waxy cell wall rich in mycolic acids, resistant to decolorization.

A type of bacteria that lack a cell wall and have sterols in their plasma membranes.

Composed of phospholipids and proteins, lacking sterols, creating a flexible structure.

Includes active transport, waste elimination, electron transport, and biosynthesis roles.

An infectious agent that can cause disease upon host colonization.

A microorganism that must infect its host to multiply and transmit.

A microorganism that can infect hosts or survive in the environment.

A microorganism that usually causes no disease but can under certain conditions.

A microorganism that causes disease unexpectedly or rarely.

A disease caused by pathogens that can be transmitted to others.

The biological mechanisms that lead to a disease.

A relationship where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

A type of bacterium that lives inside host cells.

Toxins produced by live bacteria, both G+ and G-, that are proteins.

A toxin that is a part of the cell wall of G- bacteria, released upon cell death.

Exotoxins are heat liable, while endotoxins are heat stable.

Exotoxins are highly antigenic, causing a strong immune response, while endotoxins are weakly antigenic.

It is easier to create a vaccine against exotoxins because they are protein-based.

Exotoxins that link antigen receptors, causing excessive T-cell proliferation and cytokine release.

Exotoxin synthesis can be determined by genes outside the chromosomal DNA (plasmids).

A protective outer layer of some bacteria that aids in virulence.

A structured community of bacteria adhering to surfaces, encased in a polymeric matrix.

The process by which bacteria communicate and coordinate activity based on population density.

Direct transfer of genetic material between bacteria through cell-to-cell contact.

The transfer of viral DNA from one bacterium to another using a bacteriophage.

Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to their ability to cause disease.

Area in bacteria containing genetic material, but doesn't include plasmids.

A type of staining used for mycobacteria to highlight their presence.

Phase where there is a balance between cell death and slow multiplication.

A hardy structure formed by some bacteria to survive extreme conditions.

Single-celled organisms without a nucleus and a simple structure.

Organisms with a defined nucleus and more complex structures.

Protective layer providing structure and preventing osmotic lysis in bacteria.

Polymer consisting of sugars and peptides forming the bacterial cell wall.

Characterized by a thick peptidoglycan layer and one plasma membrane, resists drying.

Components linked with peptidoglycan in Gram-positive bacteria, aiding in pathogenicity.

Component of Gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane, acts as a virulence factor.

Method used for accurate classification of bacteria based on genetic material.

Types of phenotypic properties assessed when classifying bacteria.

Bacteria that exist independently in the environment, not relying on hosts.

The first step after bacteria enter a host is adhering to host tissues.

An infection does not always lead to a carrier status; disease must occur first.

The phase when bacteria multiply but are not yet contagious is the incubation period.

Symptoms first appear at the end of the incubation period.

Signs of multiple-organ failure suggest the presence of an endotoxin as the virulence factor.

Bacteria with a twisted shape; often motile.

Bacteria that appear as long, thread-like structures.

A type of corkscrew-shaped bacteria that is flexible.

Graphical representation of bacterial population over time.

Time it takes for a bacterial cell to divide.

Bacteria that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen.

Bacteria that can grow in both presence and absence of oxygen.

Bacteria that are indifferent to oxygen; it does not affect their growth.

Initial phase of bacterial growth where no division occurs.

Phase of rapid bacterial growth and division.