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Questions and Answers
Gram-positive bacteria have a ______ peptidoglycan layer which protects the cell from osmotic damage.
Gram-positive bacteria have a ______ peptidoglycan layer which protects the cell from osmotic damage.
thick
Gram-negative bacteria have a much ______ peptidoglycan layer.
Gram-negative bacteria have a much ______ peptidoglycan layer.
thinner
The ______ is a major component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria.
The ______ is a major component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria.
lipopolysaccharide
The ______ is also known as endotoxin.
The ______ is also known as endotoxin.
______ are proteins embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
______ are proteins embedded in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
Flashcards
Peptidoglycan in Gram-Positive Bacteria
Peptidoglycan in Gram-Positive Bacteria
A thick layer of peptidoglycan found in Gram-positive bacteria, providing structural strength and protection against osmotic stress.
Peptidoglycan in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Peptidoglycan in Gram-Negative Bacteria
A thin layer of peptidoglycan found in Gram-negative bacteria, located between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane.
Outer membrane in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Outer membrane in Gram-Negative Bacteria
An additional membrane layer found only in Gram-negative bacteria, located outside the peptidoglycan layer.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
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Porins in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Porins in Gram-Negative Bacteria
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Study Notes
Bacterial Cell Walls
- Cytoplasmic membranes contain transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases that aid in constructing the cell wall or peptidoglycan.
- These membranes are also known as penicillin-binding proteins because they act as targets for beta-lactam antibodies.
- Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer providing protection against osmotic damage.
- Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and additional components like an outer membrane, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which includes Lipid A (endotoxin), core polysaccharide, and O-side chain.
- Lipopolysaccharide is a significant feature of the outer membrane.
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