Bacterial Cell Morphology and Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common microscopic morphology of bacteria?

  • Rod shaped (bacilli)
  • Pairs (diplococci)
  • Spherical or ovoid (cocci) (correct)
  • Spiral (Spirochete)

    • Which structure is the outermost component common to all bacteria, except Mycoplasma species?

  • Nucleoid
  • Cytoplasmic Membrane
  • Cell Wall (correct)
  • Ribosome

    • Which bacteria arrangement is determined by the orientation and degree of attachment of the bacteria at the time of cell division?

  • Chains (streptococci) (correct)
  • Pairs (diplococci)
  • S. aureus—cocci in clusters
  • Grapelike clusters (staphylococci)

    • How do bacteria reproduce?

    <p>By binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of sizes for bacteria?

    <p>0.2 to 5 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method through which bacteria metabolize?

    <p>Aerobically and anaerobically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of gram-positive bacteria's cell wall compared to gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Thicker peptidoglycan layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Gram stain in microbiology?

    <p>To separate bacteria into two groups: gram-positive and gram-negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?

    <p>Provides structural support and maintains cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of cell walls of acid-fast bacteria?

    <p>High concentration of mycolic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria have an unusual cell wall resulting in their inability to be Gram-stained?

    <p>Mycobacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that is responsible for many features of disease?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Facilitate the passage of small, hydrophilic molecules into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria's cell wall?

    <p>It is responsible for many features of disease, such as fever and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>They act as a channel to allow entry of essential substances and many antimicrobial drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Mycobacteria resistant to that causes their inability to be Gram-stained?

    <p>Decolorization with acid–alcohol after being stained with carbolfuchsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size range of bacteria?

    <p>0.5 to 5 μm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial morphology is characterized by a spiral shape?

    <p>Spirochete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of bacteria characterized by chain formations?

    <p>Streptococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for many features of disease?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that is common to all bacteria (except Mycoplasma species)?

    <p>Cell Wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fibers of teichoic acid present in many gram-positive bacteria responsible for?

    <p>Useful in laboratory identification as antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mycolic acids in the cell wall of Mycobacteria?

    <p>They provide structural support and maintain the characteristic shape of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria responsible for many features of disease?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Facilitating the passage of small, hydrophilic molecules into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining procedure separates most bacteria into two groups, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Gram stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

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