Bacterial Cell Morphology and Metabolism

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common microscopic morphology of bacteria?

  • Rod shaped (bacilli)
  • Pairs (diplococci)
  • Spherical or ovoid (cocci) (correct)
  • Spiral (Spirochete)

Which structure is the outermost component common to all bacteria, except Mycoplasma species?

  • Nucleoid
  • Cytoplasmic Membrane
  • Cell Wall (correct)
  • Ribosome

Which bacteria arrangement is determined by the orientation and degree of attachment of the bacteria at the time of cell division?

  • Chains (streptococci) (correct)
  • Pairs (diplococci)
  • S. aureus—cocci in clusters
  • Grapelike clusters (staphylococci)

How do bacteria reproduce?

<p>By binary fission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of sizes for bacteria?

<p>0.2 to 5 μm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common method through which bacteria metabolize?

<p>Aerobically and anaerobically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of gram-positive bacteria's cell wall compared to gram-negative bacteria?

<p>Thicker peptidoglycan layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Gram stain in microbiology?

<p>To separate bacteria into two groups: gram-positive and gram-negative (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?

<p>Provides structural support and maintains cell shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of cell walls of acid-fast bacteria?

<p>High concentration of mycolic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria have an unusual cell wall resulting in their inability to be Gram-stained?

<p>Mycobacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that is responsible for many features of disease?

<p>Lipopolysaccharide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?

<p>Facilitate the passage of small, hydrophilic molecules into the cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria's cell wall?

<p>It is responsible for many features of disease, such as fever and shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?

<p>They act as a channel to allow entry of essential substances and many antimicrobial drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Mycobacteria resistant to that causes their inability to be Gram-stained?

<p>Decolorization with acid–alcohol after being stained with carbolfuchsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of bacteria?

<p>0.5 to 5 μm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial morphology is characterized by a spiral shape?

<p>Spirochete (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of bacteria characterized by chain formations?

<p>Streptococci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for many features of disease?

<p>Lipopolysaccharide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that is common to all bacteria (except Mycoplasma species)?

<p>Cell Wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the fibers of teichoic acid present in many gram-positive bacteria responsible for?

<p>Useful in laboratory identification as antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mycolic acids in the cell wall of Mycobacteria?

<p>They provide structural support and maintain the characteristic shape of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria responsible for many features of disease?

<p>Lipopolysaccharide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?

<p>Facilitating the passage of small, hydrophilic molecules into the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which staining procedure separates most bacteria into two groups, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria?

<p>Gram stain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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