26 Questions
What is the most common microscopic morphology of bacteria?
Spherical or ovoid (cocci)
Which structure is the outermost component common to all bacteria, except Mycoplasma species?
Cell Wall
Which bacteria arrangement is determined by the orientation and degree of attachment of the bacteria at the time of cell division?
Chains (streptococci)
How do bacteria reproduce?
By binary fission
What is the range of sizes for bacteria?
0.2 to 5 μm
What is the most common method through which bacteria metabolize?
Aerobically and anaerobically
What is a characteristic feature of gram-positive bacteria's cell wall compared to gram-negative bacteria?
Thicker peptidoglycan layer
What is the main purpose of the Gram stain in microbiology?
To separate bacteria into two groups: gram-positive and gram-negative
What is the function of the peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?
Provides structural support and maintains cell shape
What is a characteristic feature of cell walls of acid-fast bacteria?
High concentration of mycolic acids
Which bacteria have an unusual cell wall resulting in their inability to be Gram-stained?
Mycobacteria
What is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that is responsible for many features of disease?
Lipopolysaccharide
What is the function of porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?
Facilitate the passage of small, hydrophilic molecules into the cell
What is the main purpose of the lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria's cell wall?
It is responsible for many features of disease, such as fever and shock
What is the role of porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?
They act as a channel to allow entry of essential substances and many antimicrobial drugs
What are Mycobacteria resistant to that causes their inability to be Gram-stained?
Decolorization with acid–alcohol after being stained with carbolfuchsin
What is the typical size range of bacteria?
0.5 to 5 μm
Which bacterial morphology is characterized by a spiral shape?
Spirochete
What is the arrangement of bacteria characterized by chain formations?
Streptococci
Which structure is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and is responsible for many features of disease?
Lipopolysaccharide
What is the structure that is common to all bacteria (except Mycoplasma species)?
Cell Wall
What are the fibers of teichoic acid present in many gram-positive bacteria responsible for?
Useful in laboratory identification as antigens
What is the function of the mycolic acids in the cell wall of Mycobacteria?
They provide structural support and maintain the characteristic shape of the cell
Which component is an integral part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria responsible for many features of disease?
Lipopolysaccharide
What is the main purpose of the porin proteins in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria?
Facilitating the passage of small, hydrophilic molecules into the cell
Which staining procedure separates most bacteria into two groups, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria?
Gram stain
This quiz covers the characteristics of bacterial cells, including their size, reproduction method, environments, and metabolic processes. It also discusses the common microscopic morphologies of bacteria, such as cocci and rods.
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