Bacteria Review: Enterobacteriaceae
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Questions and Answers

Which genera are classified as primary pathogens that cause diarrheal disease?

  • Citrobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella
  • Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Escherichia (correct)
  • Edwardsiella, Providencia, Enterobacter
  • All of the above

    • Opportunistic pathogens are typically associated with diarrheal diseases without entering a new environment.

    False

    What is the term for inflammation of the entire digestive tract?

    Gastroenteritis

    Diarrhea is characterized by frequent, __________ stools.

    <p>liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Dysentery = Excretion of mucus and blood in stool, often with pain Enteritis = Inflammation of the intestine Enteric fever = Acute illness with fever and abdominal pain Food poisoning = Ingestion of food containing a preformed toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary habitats where Enterobacteriaceae can be found?

    <p>Intestinal tract of animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enterobacteriaceae are nutritionally fastidious bacteria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one enteric disease caused by Enterobacteriaceae.

    <p>Dysentery, typhoid, or food poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enterobacteriaceae can reduce nitrate to _____ during biochemical tests.

    <p>nitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is used to classify Enterobacteriaceae?

    <p>Ability to colonize, adhere, produce toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most Enterobacteriaceae are non-motile.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Enterobacteriaceae antigen with its description:

    <p>O antigen = Heat stable; somatic antigen H antigen = Flagellar antigen; heat-labile K antigen = Capsular antigen; heat-labile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria are Enterobacteriaceae based on Gram staining?

    <p>Gram negative rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common source of Salmonellosis in the U.S.?

    <p>Poultry and eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incubation period for salmonellosis ranges from 12 to 48 hours.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fever is associated with Salmonella paratyphi?

    <p>Enteric fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salmonellosis primarily targets the __________ and __________.

    <p>small intestine, large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Salmonella types with their characteristics:

    <p>Salmonella typhimurium = Commonly associated with gastroenteritis Salmonella enteritidis = Typically found in eggs Salmonella paratyphi = Causes enteric fever Salmonella choleraesuis = Associated with septicemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of typhoid fever?

    <p>Salmonella typhi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typhoid fever can be caused by ingestion of food contaminated with any type of bacteria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common symptoms of typhoid fever?

    <p>High fever, headache, myalgia, gastrointestinal distress, rose spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typhoid fever is primarily targeted at the ________.

    <p>small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for typhoid fever?

    <p>1-2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with their corresponding conditions:

    <p>High fever = Typhoid fever Fever and pain in lower right quadrant = Yersinia enterocolitica Bubonic and pneumonic plague = Yersinia pestis Diarrhea in community outbreaks = Yersinia enterocolitica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is specifically not found as normal flora in humans?

    <p>Yersinia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Yersinia pestis?

    <p>Carried by rodents and transmitted to humans by fleas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pathogen is Escherichia coli primarily considered?

    <p>Opportunistic and primary pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infant mortality refers to the death of children up to the age of five.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common symptoms of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)?

    <p>Non-bloody, watery diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, low grade or no fever.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a common cause of __________ in children.

    <p>childhood diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Escherichia coli types with their characteristics:

    <p>Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) = Common cause of urinary tract infections Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) = Causes dysentery-like symptoms Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) = Causes bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) = Common cause of traveler's diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)?

    <p>Hemorrhagic colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Virulence factors of shigella include its ability to destroy the epithelial cells of the intestines.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infectious dose of Shigella?

    <p>Fewer than 200 cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bacterium strain _____________ is a notable type of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.

    <p>0157:H7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with the corresponding pathogen:

    <p>Hemolytic uremic syndrome = EHEC Presence of pus and mucus in stools = Shigella Low-grade fever and malaise = EPEC Abdominal cramps and watery diarrhea = ETEC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of urinary tract infections?

    <p>E.coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Escherichia coli is a normal flora of the human intestinal tract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of symptoms does Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce?

    <p>Diarrhea, low-grade fever, malaise, vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ is the process through which bacteria can invade and destroy the mucosal lining of the intestine.

    <p>Cellular invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Escherichia coli strain is known for causing diarrhea by attaching to the mucosal surface of the intestine?

    <p>Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary insect vector responsible for the transmission of Bubonic Plague?

    <p>Flea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the key symptoms caused by Vibrio cholerae.

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ is a common opportunistic pathogen associated with urinary tract infections and nosocomial infections.

    <p>Proteus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pathogens with their associated infections:

    <p>Citrobacter = Diarrhea in immunocompromised patients Vibrio cholerae = Cholera Klebsiella pneumoniae = Pneumonia and UTIs Campylobacter jejuni = Diarrheal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is known to produce the heat-stable enterotoxin?

    <p>Klebsiella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Citrobacter is considered a primary enteric pathogen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of transmission for Campylobacter jejuni?

    <p>Fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Serratia marcescens is often associated with __________ outbreaks.

    <p>nosocomial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinguishing feature of Helicobacter pylori?

    <p>Curved rod shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Edwardsiella tarda is commonly found as normal flora in the human digestive tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious condition can cholera lead to due to its effects on the body?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enterobacter aerogenes is associated with __________ tract infections.

    <p>urinary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with the appropriate pathogens:

    <p>Proteus mirabilis = Targets immunosuppressed individuals Citrobacter freundii = Normal flora of intestinal tract Vibrio cholerae = Rice water stool Klebsiella = Produces various virulence factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacteria Review

    • Enterobacteriaceae: Often referred to as "enterics," found in the digestive system. Often associated with intestinal infections. Part of the normal flora in animal intestinal tracts; also found in soils, water, fruits, vegetables, and plants. Causative agents of enteric diseases (such as dysentery and typhoid) and food poisoning. Biochemical tests are vital for identification, diagnosis, and treatment.

    General Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae

    • Gram-negative rods: Most are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Some strains are motile. Ferment glucose and produce acid end products and reduce nitrate to nitrite. They are not fastidious.

    Two Ways of Classification

    • Serological classification: Based on cell features. Looks at colonization ability, adherence (attachment), toxin production, and tissue invasion; some possess plasmids.
      • O antigen: Heat-stable, somatic antigen.
      • H Antigen: Heat-labile, flagellar antigen.
      • K Antigen: Heat-labile, capsular antigen. Some strains produce capsules.
    • Disease classification: Categorized into primary (frank) pathogens and opportunistic pathogens.
      • Primary pathogens: Cause various diarrheal diseases in humans and animals, major cause of death in young children (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Escherichia).
      • Opportunistic pathogens: Usually don't cause disease unless they are in a new environment (e.g., Citrobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Edwardsiella, Providencia, some Escherichia).

    Other Bacterial Species

    • Escherichia: Most significant species in the genus is E. coli. Can be an opportunistic or primary pathogen based on strain. Normal flora of the human intestinal tract. Produces vitamin K in the large intestine.

    • Dysentery: A disease initially characterized by frequent watery stools followed by scant stool production marked by mucus, blood, usually pain and fever.

    • Enteritis: Inflammation of the intestine

    • Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the entire digestive tract

    • Enteric fever: Acute illness marked by fever, headache, abdominal pain, cramping, and sometimes a skin rash, with bacteremia.

    • Food poisoning: Ingestion of food/drink containing a pre-formed toxin, no bacterial growth in the host is required.

    • Malnutrition/Undernourishment: Insufficient calories to support normal body function.

    • Infant/Childhood mortality: Death in children up to age 12.

    • Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC): Common cause of traveler's diarrhea (infectious dose: 1 million to 10 billion cells). Causes watery diarrhea due to heat-labile toxin and heat-stable toxin.

    • Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC): Causes dysentery, symptoms of shigellosis (infectious dose: 1 million to 100 million cells). Capable of direct tissue penetration and cellular invasion.

    • Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC): Frank pathogen. Strain 0157:H7. Causes bloody diarrhea, and in susceptible individuals, can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome.

    • Shigella: A frank pathogen and invasive pathogen. Primary suspect in outbreaks of diarrhea, infectious dose fewer than 200 cells.

    • Salmonella: Frank pathogen, transmission fecal-oral route. Normal flora in birds and reptiles. Three types of infection: salmonellosis, seticemia, typhoid fever.

    • Yersinia: Frank pathogen, No normal flora. Causes dysentery and symptoms similar to shigella; can cause enteritis.

    • Citrobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, Normal flora of the intestinal tract but can cause extraintestinal infections (UTIs, pneumonias ).

    • Enterobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, Normal intestinal flora but can cause extraintestinal infection (especially UTIs), and wound infections.

    • Serratia: Opportunistic pathogen, associated with nosocomial outbreaks. Causes UTIs, respiratory infections and sometimes septicemia.

    • Proteus: Opportunistic pathogen, causes UTIs, wound infections, and rarely septicemia.

    • Edwardsiella: Opportunistic pathogen, similar to E.coli, but can cause human diseases and extraintestinal infections.

    • Providencia: Opportunistic pathogen, not a common cause of human infection, however can cause urinary tract infections.

    • Vibrio: Gram-negative, curved rods in aquatic environments. V. cholerae causes cholera (watery diarrhea), often linked to unsafe water and lack of sanitation.

    • Campylobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, found in domestic animals; transmitted via fecal-oral route; usually causes mild abdominal pain, diarrhea, and self-limiting disease.

    • Helicobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, spiral shape, causes gastric and duodenal ulcers.

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    Exam 4 Review: Bacteria PDF

    Description

    This quiz reviews the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria, highlighting their general characteristics and importance in intestinal infections. Learn about their classification, biochemical tests for identification, and their role in health and disease. Ideal for students of microbiology.

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