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Which genera are classified as primary pathogens that cause diarrheal disease?
Which genera are classified as primary pathogens that cause diarrheal disease?
Opportunistic pathogens are typically associated with diarrheal diseases without entering a new environment.
Opportunistic pathogens are typically associated with diarrheal diseases without entering a new environment.
False (B)
What is the term for inflammation of the entire digestive tract?
What is the term for inflammation of the entire digestive tract?
Gastroenteritis
Diarrhea is characterized by frequent, __________ stools.
Diarrhea is characterized by frequent, __________ stools.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is one of the primary habitats where Enterobacteriaceae can be found?
What is one of the primary habitats where Enterobacteriaceae can be found?
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Enterobacteriaceae are nutritionally fastidious bacteria.
Enterobacteriaceae are nutritionally fastidious bacteria.
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Name one enteric disease caused by Enterobacteriaceae.
Name one enteric disease caused by Enterobacteriaceae.
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Enterobacteriaceae can reduce nitrate to _____ during biochemical tests.
Enterobacteriaceae can reduce nitrate to _____ during biochemical tests.
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Which of the following characteristics is used to classify Enterobacteriaceae?
Which of the following characteristics is used to classify Enterobacteriaceae?
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Most Enterobacteriaceae are non-motile.
Most Enterobacteriaceae are non-motile.
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Match the Enterobacteriaceae antigen with its description:
Match the Enterobacteriaceae antigen with its description:
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What type of bacteria are Enterobacteriaceae based on Gram staining?
What type of bacteria are Enterobacteriaceae based on Gram staining?
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What is the most common source of Salmonellosis in the U.S.?
What is the most common source of Salmonellosis in the U.S.?
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The incubation period for salmonellosis ranges from 12 to 48 hours.
The incubation period for salmonellosis ranges from 12 to 48 hours.
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What type of fever is associated with Salmonella paratyphi?
What type of fever is associated with Salmonella paratyphi?
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Salmonellosis primarily targets the __________ and __________.
Salmonellosis primarily targets the __________ and __________.
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Match the Salmonella types with their characteristics:
Match the Salmonella types with their characteristics:
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What is the primary cause of typhoid fever?
What is the primary cause of typhoid fever?
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Typhoid fever can be caused by ingestion of food contaminated with any type of bacteria.
Typhoid fever can be caused by ingestion of food contaminated with any type of bacteria.
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What are some common symptoms of typhoid fever?
What are some common symptoms of typhoid fever?
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Typhoid fever is primarily targeted at the ________.
Typhoid fever is primarily targeted at the ________.
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What is the incubation period for typhoid fever?
What is the incubation period for typhoid fever?
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Match the following symptoms with their corresponding conditions:
Match the following symptoms with their corresponding conditions:
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Which organism is specifically not found as normal flora in humans?
Which organism is specifically not found as normal flora in humans?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for Yersinia pestis?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Yersinia pestis?
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What type of pathogen is Escherichia coli primarily considered?
What type of pathogen is Escherichia coli primarily considered?
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Infant mortality refers to the death of children up to the age of five.
Infant mortality refers to the death of children up to the age of five.
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What are the common symptoms of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)?
What are the common symptoms of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)?
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Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a common cause of __________ in children.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a common cause of __________ in children.
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Match the following Escherichia coli types with their characteristics:
Match the following Escherichia coli types with their characteristics:
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)?
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Virulence factors of shigella include its ability to destroy the epithelial cells of the intestines.
Virulence factors of shigella include its ability to destroy the epithelial cells of the intestines.
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What is the infectious dose of Shigella?
What is the infectious dose of Shigella?
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The bacterium strain _____________ is a notable type of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
The bacterium strain _____________ is a notable type of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
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Match the following symptoms with the corresponding pathogen:
Match the following symptoms with the corresponding pathogen:
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What is a common cause of urinary tract infections?
What is a common cause of urinary tract infections?
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Escherichia coli is a normal flora of the human intestinal tract.
Escherichia coli is a normal flora of the human intestinal tract.
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What type of symptoms does Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce?
What type of symptoms does Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce?
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_________ is the process through which bacteria can invade and destroy the mucosal lining of the intestine.
_________ is the process through which bacteria can invade and destroy the mucosal lining of the intestine.
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Which Escherichia coli strain is known for causing diarrhea by attaching to the mucosal surface of the intestine?
Which Escherichia coli strain is known for causing diarrhea by attaching to the mucosal surface of the intestine?
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What is the primary insect vector responsible for the transmission of Bubonic Plague?
What is the primary insect vector responsible for the transmission of Bubonic Plague?
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Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients.
Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause urinary tract infections in immunocompromised patients.
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Name one of the key symptoms caused by Vibrio cholerae.
Name one of the key symptoms caused by Vibrio cholerae.
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____ is a common opportunistic pathogen associated with urinary tract infections and nosocomial infections.
____ is a common opportunistic pathogen associated with urinary tract infections and nosocomial infections.
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Match the following pathogens with their associated infections:
Match the following pathogens with their associated infections:
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Which pathogen is known to produce the heat-stable enterotoxin?
Which pathogen is known to produce the heat-stable enterotoxin?
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Citrobacter is considered a primary enteric pathogen.
Citrobacter is considered a primary enteric pathogen.
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What is the primary method of transmission for Campylobacter jejuni?
What is the primary method of transmission for Campylobacter jejuni?
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Serratia marcescens is often associated with __________ outbreaks.
Serratia marcescens is often associated with __________ outbreaks.
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What is the key distinguishing feature of Helicobacter pylori?
What is the key distinguishing feature of Helicobacter pylori?
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Edwardsiella tarda is commonly found as normal flora in the human digestive tract.
Edwardsiella tarda is commonly found as normal flora in the human digestive tract.
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What serious condition can cholera lead to due to its effects on the body?
What serious condition can cholera lead to due to its effects on the body?
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Enterobacter aerogenes is associated with __________ tract infections.
Enterobacter aerogenes is associated with __________ tract infections.
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Match the following characteristics with the appropriate pathogens:
Match the following characteristics with the appropriate pathogens:
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Flashcards
Enterobacteriaceae
Enterobacteriaceae
A family of Gram-negative bacteria often found in the digestive system and various environments.
Gram-negative rods
Gram-negative rods
A common shape and characteristic of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria.
Catalase positive
Catalase positive
This enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide, a feature of Enterobacteriaceae.
Oxidase negative
Oxidase negative
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Serological classification
Serological classification
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O antigen
O antigen
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H antigen
H antigen
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K antigen
K antigen
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Primary pathogen (diarrheal disease)
Primary pathogen (diarrheal disease)
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Opportunistic pathogen (diarrheal disease)
Opportunistic pathogen (diarrheal disease)
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea
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Dysentery
Dysentery
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Enteric fever
Enteric fever
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Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis
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Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella typhimurium
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Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonella enteritidis
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Incubation period of Salmonellosis
Incubation period of Salmonellosis
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Symptoms of Salmonellosis
Symptoms of Salmonellosis
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Emesis
Emesis
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Malnutrition
Malnutrition
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Undernourished
Undernourished
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Infant mortality
Infant mortality
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Childhood mortality
Childhood mortality
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli
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Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC)
Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC)
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Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
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Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
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Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
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Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
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Shigella
Shigella
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Salmonella
Salmonella
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Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever
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Salmonella typhi
Salmonella typhi
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How is typhoid fever spread?
How is typhoid fever spread?
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Yersinia
Yersinia
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Yersinia enterocolitica
Yersinia enterocolitica
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Yersinia pestis
Yersinia pestis
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague
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Pneumonic plague
Pneumonic plague
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Cutaneous anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax
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Bubonic anthrax
Bubonic anthrax
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Pneumonic anthrax
Pneumonic anthrax
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Insect vector
Insect vector
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Opportunistic pathogen
Opportunistic pathogen
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Normal flora
Normal flora
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Citrobacter freundii
Citrobacter freundii
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae
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Serratia marcescens
Serratia marcescens
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Proteus mirabilis
Proteus mirabilis
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Edwardsiella tarda
Edwardsiella tarda
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Providencia alcalifaciens
Providencia alcalifaciens
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Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae
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Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni
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Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori
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Study Notes
Bacteria Review
- Enterobacteriaceae: Often referred to as "enterics," found in the digestive system. Often associated with intestinal infections. Part of the normal flora in animal intestinal tracts; also found in soils, water, fruits, vegetables, and plants. Causative agents of enteric diseases (such as dysentery and typhoid) and food poisoning. Biochemical tests are vital for identification, diagnosis, and treatment.
General Characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae
- Gram-negative rods: Most are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Some strains are motile. Ferment glucose and produce acid end products and reduce nitrate to nitrite. They are not fastidious.
Two Ways of Classification
- Serological classification: Based on cell features. Looks at colonization ability, adherence (attachment), toxin production, and tissue invasion; some possess plasmids.
- O antigen: Heat-stable, somatic antigen.
- H Antigen: Heat-labile, flagellar antigen.
- K Antigen: Heat-labile, capsular antigen. Some strains produce capsules.
- Disease classification: Categorized into primary (frank) pathogens and opportunistic pathogens.
- Primary pathogens: Cause various diarrheal diseases in humans and animals, major cause of death in young children (e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Escherichia).
- Opportunistic pathogens: Usually don't cause disease unless they are in a new environment (e.g., Citrobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Edwardsiella, Providencia, some Escherichia).
Other Bacterial Species
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Escherichia: Most significant species in the genus is E. coli. Can be an opportunistic or primary pathogen based on strain. Normal flora of the human intestinal tract. Produces vitamin K in the large intestine.
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Dysentery: A disease initially characterized by frequent watery stools followed by scant stool production marked by mucus, blood, usually pain and fever.
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Enteritis: Inflammation of the intestine
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Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the entire digestive tract
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Enteric fever: Acute illness marked by fever, headache, abdominal pain, cramping, and sometimes a skin rash, with bacteremia.
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Food poisoning: Ingestion of food/drink containing a pre-formed toxin, no bacterial growth in the host is required.
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Malnutrition/Undernourishment: Insufficient calories to support normal body function.
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Infant/Childhood mortality: Death in children up to age 12.
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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC): Common cause of traveler's diarrhea (infectious dose: 1 million to 10 billion cells). Causes watery diarrhea due to heat-labile toxin and heat-stable toxin.
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Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC): Causes dysentery, symptoms of shigellosis (infectious dose: 1 million to 100 million cells). Capable of direct tissue penetration and cellular invasion.
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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC): Frank pathogen. Strain 0157:H7. Causes bloody diarrhea, and in susceptible individuals, can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome.
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Shigella: A frank pathogen and invasive pathogen. Primary suspect in outbreaks of diarrhea, infectious dose fewer than 200 cells.
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Salmonella: Frank pathogen, transmission fecal-oral route. Normal flora in birds and reptiles. Three types of infection: salmonellosis, seticemia, typhoid fever.
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Yersinia: Frank pathogen, No normal flora. Causes dysentery and symptoms similar to shigella; can cause enteritis.
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Citrobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, Normal flora of the intestinal tract but can cause extraintestinal infections (UTIs, pneumonias ).
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Enterobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, Normal intestinal flora but can cause extraintestinal infection (especially UTIs), and wound infections.
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Serratia: Opportunistic pathogen, associated with nosocomial outbreaks. Causes UTIs, respiratory infections and sometimes septicemia.
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Proteus: Opportunistic pathogen, causes UTIs, wound infections, and rarely septicemia.
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Edwardsiella: Opportunistic pathogen, similar to E.coli, but can cause human diseases and extraintestinal infections.
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Providencia: Opportunistic pathogen, not a common cause of human infection, however can cause urinary tract infections.
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Vibrio: Gram-negative, curved rods in aquatic environments. V. cholerae causes cholera (watery diarrhea), often linked to unsafe water and lack of sanitation.
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Campylobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, found in domestic animals; transmitted via fecal-oral route; usually causes mild abdominal pain, diarrhea, and self-limiting disease.
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Helicobacter: Opportunistic pathogen, spiral shape, causes gastric and duodenal ulcers.
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Description
This quiz reviews the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria, highlighting their general characteristics and importance in intestinal infections. Learn about their classification, biochemical tests for identification, and their role in health and disease. Ideal for students of microbiology.