Bacteria Characteristics Quiz

False (B)

peptidoglycan

<p>0.2 to 2.0 μm in diameter and 2 to 8 μm in length</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amoeba (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus = Spherical-shaped Coccus = Rod-shaped Vibrio = Gently curved, comma-shaped Spirillum = Rigid helix/corkscrew, twisted at least 2 times Spirochete = Flexible spring-like, with inner axial filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacillus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule and slime layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococci</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diplococci = Pairs of cocci Streptococci = Chains of cocci Tetrads = Groups of four cocci Sarcinae = Cube-like groups of eight cocci Staphylococci = Clusters of cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chains of rods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides structural support and shape to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Axial filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flagella = Motility Pili = Motility, DNA transfer Fimbriae = Attachment Axial filaments = Motility in spirochetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent osmotic lysis and protect the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive and Gram-negative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is impermeable to all molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plasma membrane regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell, maintaining cellular integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>currency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion = Movement of a solute across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the assistance of any transport proteins. Facilitated diffusion = Movement of a solute across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the assistance of transport proteins. Active transport = Movement of a solute across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy expenditure. Osmosis = Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In an isotonic solution, the solute concentration is equal inside and outside the cell. In a hypertonic solution, the solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>aquaporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teichoic acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LPS acts as an endotoxin and is involved in the immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>outer membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Porins = Proteins that form channels through the membrane Lipid A = Endotoxin embedded in the outer membrane Periplasm = Space between the outer membrane and plasma membrane Thin peptidoglycan layer = Structure that provides less rigidity than in Gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>bacterial chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metachromatic granules = Phosphate reserves Polysaccharide granules = Energy reserves Gas vacuoles = Maintain buoyancy Magnetosomes = Destroy H2O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circular DNA elements carrying non-crucial genes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70S ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sporulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carboxysomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.

Organisms with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

The method by which prokaryotes divide.

Made of peptidoglycan, provides structural support to bacterial cells.

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Spherical-shaped bacteria.

Rigid helix-shaped bacteria that twist.

Bacteria that can have multiple shapes.

Natural groupings of spherical bacteria based on division patterns.

Bacterial cocci that form clusters, resembling bunches of grapes.

Bacterial cocci that form chains due to their division.

Pairs of bacillus that are rod-shaped bacteria.

Cube-like groups of eight cocci bacteria.

A viscous and gelatinous layer outside the bacterial cell wall.

A type of glycocalyx that is organized and firmly attached to the bacteria.

Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids, retaining dye in Gram stain.

Acids in Gram-positive bacteria that link cell wall layers and regulate cation movement.

Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, losing dye in Gram stain.

Molecules in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, including an endotoxin (Lipid A).

A process that differentiates bacteria based on cell wall structure, using crystal violet and safranin.

Movement of an organism towards or away from a chemical stimulus.

Movement of an organism towards or away from light.

Bacterial flagella can rotate in two directions: counterclockwise for run and clockwise for tumble.

Movement towards a chemical attractant, such as nutrients.

Movement away from a chemical repellant or harmful substance.

Internal flagella found in spirochetes that enable corkscrew movement.

Hair-like appendages that allow bacteria to attach to surfaces.

Thin, hair-like projections that assist in motility and DNA transfer during conjugation.

A polymer forming the bacterial cell wall, providing shape and protection.

A solution that causes water to move into the cell, potentially causing it to swell.

A solution that causes water to move out of the cell, leading to cytoplasm shrinkage (plasmolysis).

Movement of substances against their gradient using ATP and a transporter protein.

Active transport where the substance is altered as it crosses the membrane using PEP.

The gel-like substance inside the plasma membrane, composed of 80% water plus other molecules.

A circular DNA thread that carries essential genetic information in bacteria.

Small, circular DNA fragments that carry non-essential genes like antibiotic resistance.

Sites for protein synthesis made of rRNA, present as 70S units in bacteria.

Storage bodies in a bacterial cell for nutrients and resources like energy reserves and enzymes.

Resting cells formed under stress, resistant to harsh conditions.

A phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell and contains various proteins.

Describes the plasma membrane structure where proteins float in or on the fluid lipid bilayer, resembling a mosaic.

Movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration without using energy.

Movement of a solute from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Transport of substances across a membrane via a transporter protein, following concentration gradient.

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration.

A solution where solute concentrations are equal inside and outside the cell, resulting in water equilibrium.