Questions and Answers
Select characteristics exhibited by all bacteria. (Select all that apply)
All bacteria cells have:
Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function?
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A patient has a serious respiratory infection. A sputum sample yielded a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of the microbe could possibly be:
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Endospores are reproductive structures produced by multiple bacterial cell divisions, with one vegetative cell producing many endospores.
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Two functions of bacterial appendages are ______ and ________.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria?
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Choose the statement that best describes how bacteria respond to chemical attractants.
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Study Notes
Bacterial Characteristics
- All bacteria possess essential structures: chromosome, ribosomes, and cell membrane.
- Fimbriae, capsules, and cell walls are additional features but not found in all bacteria.
Bacterial Chromosome
- Every bacterial cell contains at least one chromosome, which is crucial for genetic information.
Capsule Function
- Capsules serve as protective layers that shield bacteria from phagocytosis, facilitating evasion of the immune system.
Bacterial Structures and Functions
- Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
- Nucleoid contains hereditary material, while cytoplasm is a dense, gelatinous fluid supporting cellular functions.
- Inclusions hold excess cell nutrients and materials, aiding in storage and resource management.
- Plasmids not necessarily contain essential genes for growth; they often carry genes that confer additional traits like antibiotic resistance.
Mycoplasma Identification
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks peptidoglycan, which is characteristic of many bacteria, suggesting unique diagnostic criteria for respiratory infections.
Endotoxin Characteristics
- Endotoxins can induce septic shock and fever in the human body.
- These lipopolysaccharides are not present in acid-fast bacteria, highlighting their specific cellular makeup.
Endospore Misconceptions
- Endospores are not reproductive structures produced by division; rather, a single vegetative cell generates one endospore under stress conditions for survival.
Appendages Functions
- Bacterial appendages, such as flagella and fimbriae, primarily provide functions of attachment to surfaces and motility for movement.
Characteristics of Bacteria
- Bacterial cell walls are commonly made of peptidoglycan or other distinct polysaccharides.
- Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, not organelles like mitochondria, which are absent in bacteria as they lack complex organelles for ATP production.
Bacterial Response to Chemical Attractants
- Chemical attractants decrease the frequency of tumbles in bacterial movement, allowing for more efficient navigation toward stimuli.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key characteristics exhibited by bacteria in Chapter 4. This quiz covers essential structures and functions common to all bacteria, helping reinforce your understanding of microbiology. Examine definitions and select the correct answers based on the content studied.
