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Untitled Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Distinguish between a converging lens and a diverging lens.

A converging lens is thicker in the middle and rays of light that are initially parallel are made to converge. A diverging lens is thinner in the middle and the rays of light are made to diverge.

Distinguish between a virtual image and a real image.

A virtual image cannot be seen on a screen at the image distance because no light is actually directed to the image position. A real image is formed when light from the object does converge and can be focused on a screen.

Describe the three convenient rays commonly used in ray diagrams.

The first ray runs parallel to the principal axis, the second ray runs directly through the center of the lens, and the third ray travels through the focal point and then parallel to the principal axis.

Which instrument is most similar to the eye: a telescope, a compound microscope, or a camera?

<p>The camera is most similar to the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between farsighted and nearsighted vision.

<p>Farsighted people form images behind the retina because their eyeball is too short. Nearsighted people can see nearby objects clearly, but distant objects are focused in front of the retina because their eyeball is too long.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is astigmatism, and how can it be corrected?

<p>Astigmatism is a defect where the cornea is curved more in one direction than another, resulting in blurred images. It can be corrected with cylindrical corrective lenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(a) What condition must exist for a converging lens to produce a virtual image? (b) What condition must exist for a diverging lens to produce a real image?

<p>a) An object must be between the focal point and the lens. b) A diverging lens will never produce a real image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How could you demonstrate that an image was indeed a real image?

<p>You could show that it appears on a screen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you have to put slides into a slide projector upside down?

<p>Because if you do not put them upside down, the images will be upside down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Would telescopes and microscopes magnify if light had the same speed in glass as in air? Explain.

<p>There would be no refraction, and therefore no focusing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

(a) Do waves spread out more or less for narrower openings? (b) What is the spreading called?

<p>a) Waves will spread out more. b) This spreading is called diffraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diffraction aids the viewing of images in a microscope.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does wave interference occur for waves in general, or only for light waves? Give examples to support your answer.

<p>Wave interference occurs for waves in general. For example, it causes beat frequencies in sounds and disturbances in ocean waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the fringes of light in Young's experiment?

<p>The bright fringes resulted from light waves arriving crest to crest (constructive interference).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a diffraction grating?

<p>A diffraction grating is a multitude of closely spaced parallel slits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is iridescence, and to what phenomenon is it related?

<p>Iridescence is the colors produced by the interference of light waves in thin films.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a soap bubble is thick enough to cancel yellow by interference, what color will it appear if illuminated by white light?

<p>The soap bubble will appear blue when illuminated by white light.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does light from a laser differ from light from an ordinary lamp?

<p>Light emitted by a common lamp is incoherent, while a laser produces coherent light with the same frequency, phase, and direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do radio waves diffract around buildings but light waves do not?

<p>Radio waves have longer wavelengths, enabling them to diffract around buildings while light waves cannot.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focal length of a corrective lens for a far-sighted eye with an object distance of 80 cm and an image distance of 40 cm?

<p>The focal length is 26.7 cm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What two colors of light will produce magenta?

<p>Red and blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The bending of light as it passes through one medium into another is called what?

<p>Refraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of image do mirrors produce?

<p>Virtual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is diffraction?

<p>Bending of a wave around a barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A diverging lens will produce an image that is ___________________________.

<p>virtual and right-side up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a ray of light is incident on a mirror at an angle of 47⁰ to the normal, what is the angle of reflection?

<p>47⁰.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When monochromatic light waves interfere due to diffraction, ____________________.

<p>light fringes indicate constructive interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the following as they appear on the electromagnetic spectrum: x-rays, visible light, radio waves.

<p>Radio waves = Lowest frequency/longest wavelength Visible light = Medium frequency X-rays = Highest frequency/shortest wavelength</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why the atomic spectra is considered the 'fingerprint' of an element.

<p>The atomic spectra is unique for each element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a capacitor?

<p>A device used to store charge in a circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electric field?

<p>A force field that fills the space around every electric charge or group of charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electric potential?

<p>Electrical potential energy per coulomb at a location in an electric field; measured in volts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electrical potential energy?

<p>Energy a charge has due to its location in an electric field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lenses and Images

  • Converging lenses are thicker in the middle, leading parallel light rays to converge; diverging lenses are thinner in the middle, causing light rays to spread apart.
  • A virtual image cannot be projected onto a screen as it forms at a position without actual light convergence; a real image can be shown on a screen as light converges.
  • Ray diagrams utilize three rays: one parallel to the principal axis, one passing through the lens center, and one traveling through the focal point and then parallel to the principal axis.

Vision Conditions

  • Farsightedness occurs when the eye focuses images behind the retina (eyeball too short), requiring distant objects to be held further away.
  • Nearsightedness results in unclear distant images due to focus occurring in front of the retina (eyeball too long).
  • Astigmatism is caused by an unevenly curved cornea, corrected with cylindrical lenses that compensate for the curvature.

Image Formation and Projection

  • A converging lens produces a virtual image when the object is between the focal point and the lens; diverging lenses do not create real images.
  • Real images can be confirmed by their appearance on a screen; images from a slide projector must be positioned upside down to appear right side up.
  • If light moved at the same speed in glass and air, refraction would not occur, preventing image magnification.

Wave Phenomena

  • Narrow openings yield more pronounced wave spreading, known as diffraction; this results in clearer shadows.
  • Diffraction complicates image viewing in microscopes.
  • Wave interference is a general property of waves, demonstrated by sounds creating beat frequencies and disturbances in water.

Light Interference and Gratings

  • In Young's experiment, bright light fringes arise from the constructive interference of light waves meeting crest to crest.
  • Diffraction gratings consist of numerous closely spaced parallel slits, facilitating wave interference.
  • Iridescence, resulting from light interference in thin films, can produce various colors, e.g., a soap bubble can appear blue under white light when canceling specific wavelengths.

Light Characteristics

  • Laser light is coherent (same frequency, phase, direction), while common lamps emit incoherent light (varied frequencies and phases).
  • Radio waves diffract around obstacles (like buildings) due to their longer wavelengths, unlike light waves.

Optical Calculations

  • A corrective lens for a far-sighted eye can be calculated using the lens formula: 1/o + 1/I = 1/f, yielding a focal length of 26.7 cm for a normal reading distance of 40 cm.

Color and Light Properties

  • Magenta is created by combining red and blue light.
  • Refraction is the bending of light when transitioning between different media.
  • Mirrors typically produce virtual images.
  • Diffraction refers to the bending of waves around barriers.

Electrical Concepts

  • A diverging lens creates a virtual and upright image.
  • The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence (e.g., 47⁰).
  • Monochromatic light produces light fringes indicating constructive interference in diffraction situations.
  • The electromagnetic spectrum orders waves from radio waves (lowest frequency, longest wavelength) through visible light, ending with x-rays (highest frequency, shortest wavelength).
  • Atomic spectra function as elemental fingerprints due to their uniqueness per element.

Circuit Elements

  • A capacitor is a device for charge storage in electrical circuits.
  • An electric field represents an influence around electric charges.
  • Electrical potential is the energy per charge within an electric field, measured in volts.
  • Electrical potential energy is the energy a charge possesses because of its position within an electric field.

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