Quiz

Maritime terrorism is defined by the International Maritime Bureau as any act of violence carried out by individuals on the sea with the intent or capability to use force. The Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific defines maritime terrorism as the undertaking of terrorist acts within the maritime environment using or against vessels or fixed platforms at sea or in the port, or against anyone of the passengers or personnel against coastal facilities or settlements.

Maritime terrorism and piracy both involve violent acts carried out by individuals on the sea. However, maritime terrorism is politically motivated and aims to achieve political goals, while piracy is driven by criminal activities and the intent to gain profit.

Preventing and dealing with maritime terrorism and piracy is challenging due to the overlap of characteristics between the two threats. The lack of definitional consensus further complicates the development of sound policies. Additionally, the perception of these threats varies among different states, making it difficult to establish effective prevention and response strategies.

States have a duty to criminalize torture in domestic law and take effective measures to prevent acts of torture.

a. Ships as iconic targets b. Ships as economic targets c. Ships as mass casualty targets d. Ships as weapons

Violence or threat of violence, need for funding, and a land-based component to support activities

1. It must result in severe mental and/or physical suffering 2. It must be inflicted intentionally 3. It must be committed by, or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official 4. It excludes pain and suffering as a result of lawful actions

Beating, electric shocks, stretching, submersion, suffocation, burns, rape and sexual assault.

Isolation, threats, humiliation, mock executions, mock amputations, witnessing the torture of others.

Political leaders, journalists, people in detention or prison.

Prison wardens/detention officers, police, military, paramilitary forces, state controlled and anti-guerilla forces.

Establishing an effective monitoring mechanism for persons in police custody is crucial to prevent human rights abuses and ensure accountability. It helps to prevent torture, ill-treatment, and other forms of abuse in police custody, and ensures that detainees are treated with dignity and respect. Additionally, it allows for the documentation of any violations that may occur and provides an avenue for redress and justice for victims.

To prevent, combat, and punish human trafficking, especially that of women and children, several measures can be adopted. These include enacting comprehensive legislation that criminalizes human trafficking and provides appropriate penalties for offenders. Additionally, effective implementation of such legislation through law enforcement and judicial systems is essential. Strengthening international cooperation, raising public awareness, and providing support and protection to victims are also important measures.

Implementing legislation banning corporal punishment, particularly in schools and other welfare institutions for children, is significant for the protection of children's rights. It promotes a safe and nurturing environment for children to learn and grow without fear of physical harm. By strictly implementing such legislation, it sends a strong message that violence against children is unacceptable and helps to change societal attitudes towards corporal punishment. Establishing a monitoring mechanism for such facilities ensures compliance with the law and provides a means to address any violations that may occur.

The duty to prevent torture and CIDT, The duty to abide by the peremptory norm, The duty to protect foreign nationals, The duty to criminalise torture in domestic law, The duty to either prosecute or extradite, The duty to educate and train all personnel, The duty to investigate, The duty to accept complaints and protect witnesses and victims, The duty to ensure redress to victims of torture, The duty to reject statements obtained under torture, The duty to report on measures taken.