B. Tech. Network Theory Exam

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Questions and Answers

What is a non-linear network?

A network in which the relationship between the input and output is not linear.

What is a passive network?

A network that does not contain any independent sources of energy.

What is a distributed network?

A network whose parameters are not lumped but are distributed over space.

What are the different types of energy sources?

Classifications can include independent and dependent sources, as well as voltage and current sources. Signup and view all the answers

Explain Node analysis with an example.

Node analysis is a method to determine the node voltages in a circuit. It involves applying KCL at each node and solving the resulting equations. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the maximum power transfer theorem with an example.

Maximum power transfer theorem states that a source delivers maximum power to a load when the load resistance is equal to the source resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Explain in detail obtaining delta network impedances from star network impedances.

The delta to star transformation allows you to convert a delta network into an equivalent star network. This can simplify analysis and circuit calculations. Signup and view all the answers

State and Prove Superposition theorem.

The Superposition theorem states that in a linear circuit containing multiple independent sources, the current or voltage at any point can be found by summing the contributions of each source acting independently. Signup and view all the answers

List out properties of Laplace transform.

Properties of the Laplace transform include linearity, time-invariance, differentiation, integration, and the initial and final value theorems. Signup and view all the answers

Define transient and steady state response for an RC circuit.

Transient response is the temporary behavior of the circuit before it reaches a stable state, steady state response refers to the stable behavior after all transients have died out. Signup and view all the answers

Write a note on the significance of general and particular solutions.

General solutions encompass all possible solutions to a differential equation, while particular solutions are specific solutions that satisfy certain initial conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the condition of Symmetry in Y parameters.

Symmetry in Y parameters implies that the Y12 and Y21 parameters are equal. This means that the effect of current in one port on the voltage at another port is reciprocal. Signup and view all the answers

Explain Z parameters in detail.

Z parameters are a representation of a two-port network using the impedance matrix. They define the relationship between voltage and current at the network's ports. Signup and view all the answers

Obtain the Laplace transform of Unit Step and Unit Ramp signals.

The Laplace transform of the unit step signal is 1/s and the Laplace transform of the unit ramp signal is 1/s^2. Signup and view all the answers

What is Parallel Resonance?

Parallel resonance occurs in a circuit when the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal, leading to a high impedance and maximum energy storage. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the parameters related to a filter, including frequency response, cut-off frequency and passband.

Frequency response is the filter's output over a range of frequencies, cut-off frequency is the frequency where the filter's output is attenuated by 3 dB, and passband is the range of frequencies where the filter passes signals with minimal attenuation. Signup and view all the answers

Explain low pass filter in detail.

Low pass filters are designed to pass low-frequency signals and attenuate high-frequency signals. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between a short circuit and an open circuit.

A short circuit has zero resistance, allowing current to flow freely, and an open circuit has infinite resistance, blocking any current flow. Signup and view all the answers

What are linear and non-linear elements?

Linear elements follow a linear relationship between voltage and current, while non-linear elements exhibit a non-linear relationship. Signup and view all the answers

What are unilateral and bilateral elements?

A unilateral element allows current to flow in one direction only, while a bilateral element allows current to flow in both directions. Signup and view all the answers

Explain two types of energy sources: distinguish between ideal and non-ideal sources.

Ideal sources maintain their output regardless of the load, while non-ideal sources have internal resistance, impacting their output with changing loads. Signup and view all the answers

State and explain KVL and KCL with an example.

KVL (Kirchhoff's Voltage Law) states the sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero, and KCL (Kirchhoff's Current Law) states the sum of currents at a node is zero. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the maximum power transfer theorem for a given network.

A source delivers maximum power to a load when the load resistance is equal to the Thevenin resistance of the source. Signup and view all the answers

Find the thevenin's equivalent network for the circuit of Figure 1.

Thevenin's equivalent circuit consists of an ideal voltage source of 10V in series with 8 ohms resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of network elements?

Network elements can be classified based on their behavior as: passive, active, bilateral, unilateral, linear, non-linear, and time-variant. Signup and view all the answers

Explain first order and second order RC and RL circuits.

First order circuits have one energy storage element (capacitor or inductor), while second order circuits have two, resulting in more complex transient responses. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the properties of a capacitor.

Capacitors store energy in an electric field, oppose changes in voltage, and have an impedance that decreases with increasing frequency. Signup and view all the answers

Derive the equation for current and voltage across an inductor with initial current Io, connected to a resistor with R ohms, at t>0.

The current through the inductor is Io * e^(-Rt/L), and the voltage across the inductor is -R * Io * e^(-Rt/L). Signup and view all the answers

Derive the symmetry and reciprocity condition of Z parameters.

Symmetry implies Z12 = Z21, and reciprocity states that Z12 = Z21. These conditions hold for passive, linear, and bilateral circuits. Signup and view all the answers

Explain Z parameters in terms of Y parameters and h parameters.

Y parameters are the admittance matrix, h parameters are the hybrid parameters, and each is related to Z parameters by a specific transformation matrix. Signup and view all the answers

Find the current in both circuits for the given switch circuit.

For circuit 1, the current is 1A, and for circuit 2, the current is 0.1A. Both results assume the capacitor was initially charged to 100V before the switch was changed. Signup and view all the answers

Derive the formula for resonant frequency f_0 of a series resonant circuit.

f_0 = 1/(2pisqrt(LC)) where L is inductance and C is capacitance. Signup and view all the answers

Derive the formula for Q factor of a parallel resonant circuit.

Q = R*sqrt(C/L) where R is resistance, C is capacitance and L is inductance. Signup and view all the answers

How to design a constant K LPF with given frequency and resistance that has a specific attenuation at a given frequency?

The design involves calculating L and C using the cut-off frequency and the desired attenuation. Then, the values are adjusted to fit the given resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What are the transient and steady state responses of a driven R-C series circuit?

Transient response refers to the initial behavior of the circuit as it charges to a steady state. Steady state response refers to the condition after all transients have settled, where the capacitor is fully charged. Signup and view all the answers

Write down the tie-set matrix and incidence matrix.

The tie-set matrix can be written as a row vector with 1s representing the branches present in the chosen tie-set. Likewise, an incidence matrix can be written as a rectangular array with 1s representing the branches connected to the corresponding node. Example matrices can be provided for a specific circuit. Signup and view all the answers

Find the value of the current and its derivative at t = 0+

At t = 0+, the current is 0A, and the derivative of current is 100A/s, indicating a sudden jump in current at the moment the switch closes. Signup and view all the answers

Find the equation for i(t) for t > 0 using Laplace Transform.

i(t) = 10(1 - e^(-t/0.2) A. Signup and view all the answers

Find the Y-parameters of the network shown in Figure.

The Y parameters are: Y11 = 11/20, Y12 = -1/20, Y21 = -1/20, Y22 = 11/20. Signup and view all the answers

How to find the physical significance of Pole and Zero in a transfer function?

Poles are frequencies that cause the transfer function to grow large, while zeros are frequencies that cause the function to approach zero. These locations indicate the circuit's behavior at specific frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

Explain High pass filter and band pass filter.

High pass filters pass high frequencies and attenuate low frequencies, while band pass filters pass a specific band of frequencies and attenuate frequencies outside that band. Signup and view all the answers

Explain resonance in a series RLC circuit.

Resonance occurs in a series RLC circuit when the inductive reactance is equal to the capacitive reactance, resulting in a minimum impedance and maximum current for that specific frequency Signup and view all the answers

Derive the equation for resonant frequency in a series RLC circuit.

f_r = 1/(2pisqrt(LC)) Signup and view all the answers

Calculate resonant frequency, bandwidth, and lower and upper frequencies of a band-width for a series RLC circuit.

The resonant frequency is 159.15 Hz. The bandwidth is 1.59 Hz. The lower and upper frequencies are 158.78 Hz and 159.53 Hz respectively. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-Linear Network

A network that contains elements whose behavior is not governed by linear relationships between voltage, current, and charge.

Passive Network

A network that contains only passive elements, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, which can only absorb or store energy, but cannot generate it.

Distributed Network

A network where the electrical properties vary with distance along the circuit, making it impossible to represent the entire network with a single lumped element.

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

A network where the output power depends on the load connected to it. Maximum power transfer occurs when the load resistance is equal to the internal resistance of the source.