Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are chemical mediators responsible for in the body?
What are chemical mediators responsible for in the body?
Which of the following is an example of an exogenous chemical mediator?
Which of the following is an example of an exogenous chemical mediator?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing endogenous chemical mediators at the site of inflammation?
Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing endogenous chemical mediators at the site of inflammation?
What type of chemical mediators are synthesized by the liver?
What type of chemical mediators are synthesized by the liver?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the complement system in inflammation?
What is the role of the complement system in inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about chemical mediators is correct?
Which of the following statements about chemical mediators is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
The release of exogenous chemical mediators leads to what effect at the venule site?
The release of exogenous chemical mediators leads to what effect at the venule site?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of phagocytotic cells?
What is the primary function of phagocytotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of phagocytic cell is primarily associated with early acute inflammation?
Which type of phagocytic cell is primarily associated with early acute inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Opsonization?
What is Opsonization?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do IgG and C3b play in phagocytosis?
What role do IgG and C3b play in phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which step in phagocytosis involves the formation of a phagosome?
Which step in phagocytosis involves the formation of a phagosome?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens during the degradation and killing step of phagocytosis?
What happens during the degradation and killing step of phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells are known as macrophages?
Which cells are known as macrophages?
Signup and view all the answers
How long are PMNs typically present during inflammation?
How long are PMNs typically present during inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of phagolysosomes?
What is the role of phagolysosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes macrophages?
Which of the following correctly describes macrophages?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of phagocytosis that significantly increases oxygen consumption?
What is the primary mechanism of phagocytosis that significantly increases oxygen consumption?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme is responsible for producing oxygen metabolites during the oxygen-dependent mechanism?
Which enzyme is responsible for producing oxygen metabolites during the oxygen-dependent mechanism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following contributes to the oxygen-independent mechanism?
Which of the following contributes to the oxygen-independent mechanism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of myeloperoxidase in phagocytosis?
What is the role of myeloperoxidase in phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
The low pH within the phagolysosome primarily affects microbial growth how?
The low pH within the phagolysosome primarily affects microbial growth how?
Signup and view all the answers
Which protein is NOT associated with the oxygen-independent mechanism?
Which protein is NOT associated with the oxygen-independent mechanism?
Signup and view all the answers
During phagocytosis, what is formed when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome?
During phagocytosis, what is formed when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a product of the oxygen-dependent mechanism?
Which of the following is a product of the oxygen-dependent mechanism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of PECAM-1 in leukocyte transmigration?
What is the primary role of PECAM-1 in leukocyte transmigration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process describes the release of digested material from the phagocyte after phagocytosis?
Which process describes the release of digested material from the phagocyte after phagocytosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which mechanism of phagocytosis is considered more effective?
Which mechanism of phagocytosis is considered more effective?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents a step involved in the process of leukocyte transmigration?
Which of the following represents a step involved in the process of leukocyte transmigration?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of factors are primarily responsible for directing leukocyte movement towards an inflammation site?
What type of factors are primarily responsible for directing leukocyte movement towards an inflammation site?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT considered an endogenous chemotactic factor?
Which of the following is NOT considered an endogenous chemotactic factor?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in the context of leukocyte behavior?
What is the main function of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in the context of leukocyte behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What describes the process of margination in leukocyte behavior?
What describes the process of margination in leukocyte behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes chemotaxis?
Which of the following correctly describes chemotaxis?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do selectins play in leukocyte physiology?
What role do selectins play in leukocyte physiology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which complement component is especially known for its chemotactic properties for leukocytes?
Which complement component is especially known for its chemotactic properties for leukocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the sequence of steps in leukocyte movement across the endothelium?
What is the sequence of steps in leukocyte movement across the endothelium?
Signup and view all the answers
What physiological change initiates the process of margination during inflammation?
What physiological change initiates the process of margination during inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which process follows the margination of leukocytes in the emigration steps?
Which process follows the margination of leukocytes in the emigration steps?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do E-selectins play in the rolling phase of leukocyte emigration?
What role do E-selectins play in the rolling phase of leukocyte emigration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the final step in the emigration process of leukocytes through the endothelial barrier?
What is the final step in the emigration process of leukocytes through the endothelial barrier?
Signup and view all the answers
During inflammation, what effect does stasis have on the flow of leukocytes?
During inflammation, what effect does stasis have on the flow of leukocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes normal blood flow within blood vessels?
What characterizes normal blood flow within blood vessels?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary consequence of increased plasma viscosity during an inflammatory response?
What is the primary consequence of increased plasma viscosity during an inflammatory response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best defines diapedesis in leukocyte emigration?
Which of the following best defines diapedesis in leukocyte emigration?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
B-Cellular Events
- A group of sequential processes results in formation of cellular exudation & destroy the injurious agent.
- Normal blood flow in lumen of blood vessels, the cellular elements → flow in the center of the vessel → laminar flow, plasma is flowing adjacent to endothelium, with stasis during inflammation Leukocytes accumulate at the periphery of vessel along the endothelium (process called Margination)
I. Emigration of Leukocytes
- Divided into 4 steps
- 1. Margination: Increased plasma viscosity due to loss of intravascular fluid → Decreased blood flow → White blood cells fall out of axial stream into plasmatic zone
- 2. Rolling: Is mediated by the action of E-selectins which bind endothelial cells loosely to leukocytes producing a characteristic rolling movement of leukocytes along the endothelial surface.
- 3. Adhesion: Leukocytes adhere to the endothelial surface through the
- 4. Diapedesis (trans-migration across the endothelium):
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the key processes involved in the emigration of leukocytes during inflammation, including margination, rolling, adhesion, and diapedesis. Understand the significance of each step and their roles in cellular exudation as the body responds to injury.
