Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the role of lymphokines in B cell activation?
Which of the following best describes the role of lymphokines in B cell activation?
- They facilitate the engulfment of antigens by B cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis.
- They stimulate B cells with matching receptors to clone and differentiate into plasma cells. (correct)
- They trigger the release of perforin and granulysin to induce apoptosis in infected cells.
- They directly bind to antigens, marking them for destruction.
What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8 T cells) in adaptive immunity?
What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells (CD8 T cells) in adaptive immunity?
- Regulating the immune response by suppressing the activity of other immune cells.
- Recognizing and killing virus-infected cells by inducing apoptosis. (correct)
- Presenting antigens to B cells to initiate antibody production.
- Producing antibodies that neutralize pathogens in the bloodstream.
How do B cells present antigens to helper T cells to initiate an immune response?
How do B cells present antigens to helper T cells to initiate an immune response?
- By directly injecting the antigen into helper T cells.
- By releasing cytokines that attract helper T cells to the site of infection.
- By displaying antigen fragments on their surface using MHC class II molecules. (correct)
- By producing antibodies that bind to and activate helper T cells.
Which of the following is a key difference between how cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells recognize infected cells?
Which of the following is a key difference between how cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells recognize infected cells?
What is the role of memory T cells in adaptive immunity?
What is the role of memory T cells in adaptive immunity?
How does the adaptive immune system differ from the innate immune system?
How does the adaptive immune system differ from the innate immune system?
What is the significance of receptor-mediated endocytosis in B cell function?
What is the significance of receptor-mediated endocytosis in B cell function?
Which of the following processes is directly involved in the activation of B cells by helper T cells?
Which of the following processes is directly involved in the activation of B cells by helper T cells?
How does the expression of Fas ligand by cytotoxic T cells lead to apoptosis in infected cells?
How does the expression of Fas ligand by cytotoxic T cells lead to apoptosis in infected cells?
What is the role of plasma cells in the adaptive immune response?
What is the role of plasma cells in the adaptive immune response?
Flashcards
B and T Cells
B and T Cells
White blood cells essential for immune defense, targeting infections.
B Cell Function
B Cell Function
B cells recognize antigens (foreign molecules).
B cell antigen processing
B cell antigen processing
B cells engulf antigens via receptor-mediated endocytosis, process them, and present them on their surface using MHC class II molecules to Helper T cells.
Helper T Cell Role
Helper T Cell Role
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Plasma Cell Function
Plasma Cell Function
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Helper T cells (CD4 T cells)
Helper T cells (CD4 T cells)
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Cytotoxic T Cell Action
Cytotoxic T Cell Action
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Apoptosis induction by Cytotoxic T cells
Apoptosis induction by Cytotoxic T cells
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Memory T Cells
Memory T Cells
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Adaptive Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
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Study Notes
- B cells and T cells are white blood cells crucial for immune function, protecting against infections
- Both B cells and T cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
B Cells
- B cells' main function is the recognition of antigens
- After being created in the bone marrow, B cells circulate to organs like the spleen and lymph nodes
- B cell receptors on the surface of B cells bind to antigens
- Antigens are molecules, often on pathogens, recognized by the body as foreign
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when a B cell engulfs an antigen bound to its receptor
- The B cell breaks down the antigen and places breakdown products on its surface using MHC class II molecules
- Helper T cells (CD4 lymphocytes) recognize and bind to the MHC class II complex on B cells
- Lymphokines released by helper T cells cause B cells with specific receptors to clone themselves via mitosis
- Lymphokines also cause B cells to differentiate into plasma cells
- Plasma cells produce antibodies specific to the antigen that initially bound to the B cell
T Cells
- Helper T cells (CD4 T cells) bind to MHC class II on B cells, releasing lymphokines
- Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 T cells) are another type of T cell
- Virus-infected cells display viral proteins on their surface via MHC class I molecules
- Cytotoxic T cells recognize viral peptides on infected cells using their T cell receptors
- Upon binding, cytotoxic T cells secrete cytotoxins like perforin or granulysin, inducing apoptosis
- Cytotoxic T cells can also express Fas ligand, which binds to the Fas molecule on infected cells, forming a death-inducing signaling complex, leading to apoptosis
- Memory T cells replicate rapidly and quickly initiate a response if they encounter a previously encountered antigen
Adaptive Immunity
- Both B and T cells are part of the body’s natural adaptive immunity
- Adaptive immunity involves a specialized network of cells that respond to and fight off specific pathogens
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