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B Cell Light Chain Chromosome
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B Cell Light Chain Chromosome

Created by
@FelicitousCognition

Questions and Answers

What chromosome is the B Cell light chain found on?

  • Chromosome 1
  • Chromosome 2 (correct)
  • Chromosome 7
  • Chromosome 14

    • How many genes does the light chain of a B cell have to recombine?

  • 1
  • 2 (correct)
  • 3
  • 4

    • Which chromosome is the heavy chain of a B cell found on?

  • Chromosome 1
  • Chromosome 2
  • Chromosome 7
  • Chromosome 14 (correct)

    • How many genes does the heavy chain of a B cell have to recombine?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The light chain of a B cell contains a diversity region

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of recombination occurs on a B cell light chain?

    <p>Somatic recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions are present in heavy chains?

    <p>Constant and diversity regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibody is expressed first in antibodies?

    <p>IgM and IgD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes a monomer on the surface of B cells?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contains multiple V, D, J genes?

    <p>Germline Diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is comprised of VJ and multiple combinations of VDJ

    <p>Combinatorial diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will most B cells be

    <p>Kappa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many loci does the heavy chain have?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the enzymes recognize on a light or heavy chain?

    <p>The leader sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The V and J regions on a heavy chain recombine first.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are IgG, IgE and IgA cleaved from the loci?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    B cells are membrane bound.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only inactive B cells make antibodies

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IgM form on the surface of the blood? What does it form on the surface of a B Cell?

    <p>IgM forms a pentamer on the surface of blood. It forms a monomer on the surface of B Cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it called when any light chain can interact with any heavy chain?

    <p>Random Assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it called when an antigen bound to an antibody can be further modified to generate a better fit?

    <p>Somatic hypermutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does class switching occur?

    <p>Germinal centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first antibody secreted when a B cell is activated by its antigen?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibodies is never secreted?

    <p>IgD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each example to its profile

    <p>Hep B vaccine = Anti HBsAg (+); HBsAg (-); Hep B DNA (-); Anti-HBc (-) Acute Hep B infection = Anti HBsAg (+); HBsAg (+); Hep B DNA (+); Anti-HBc (IgM+) Chronic Hep B infection = Anti HBsAg (+); HBsAg (-); Hep B DNA (-); Anti-HBc (IgG+) Chronic Hep B Poor Control = Anti HBsAg (+); HBsAg (+); Hep B DNA (+); Anti-HBc (IgG+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the heavy and light chains of an antibody?

    <p>The heavy chain has diversity genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A core antigen can be found in a vaccinated individual

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    T Cell receptors are heterodimers

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are T cell antibody binding regions?

    <p>At the end of the molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    T Cell receptors are always imbedded in the membrane

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each T Cell chain to its description

    <p>Alpha/ Beta = Requires MHC/ Conventional T Cells Gamma/ Delta = Sees antigen directly/ Found in mucosal tissue Alpha/ Beta = Undergo positive and negative selection/ Activated in secondary lymphoid tissues Gamma/ Delta = Activated in tissues/ More innate like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which TCR chain contains diversity genes?

    <p>Beta chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not occur/ is not found in TCR

    <p>Somatic hypermutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes toxic shock syndrome?

    <p>Staph aureus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What MHC class do superantigens bind to?

    <p>MHC II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes endotoxic shock?

    <p>E. coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an activated antigen presenting cell express?

    <p>CD80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule signals for the T cell to be activated?

    <p>CD28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the CD4 helper ligand?

    <p>CD40L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are is an adhesion molecule expressed by CD4 cells?

    <p>LFA-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adhesion molecule expressed by antigen presenting cells?

    <p>ICAM-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a CD4 cell help B cells?

    <p>It aids in class switching and somatic hypermutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules would you not find on the surface of a CD4 T Cell?

    <p>MHC II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many domains does an MHC 1 molecule have?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each MHC I domain to its description

    <p>Alpha 1 = Beta globulin domain is absent. Alpha 1/2 = Make up peptide binding groove Alpha 3 = Where the CD3 molecule binds N/A = N/A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which MHC II domains makes up the peptide binding site?

    <p>Alpha 1 and Beta 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What closes the MHC molecule at both ends of the binding groove?

    <p>Tyrosine residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the culprit for cell rejection?

    <p>HLA-1 diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each transplant type to its description

    <p>Syngeneic = Identical twin transplants Allogenic = Non-identical twin siblings Xenogeneic = Transplants from another species Autologous = Self transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An individual has only three HLA gene products instead of six, what would most likely account for this?

    <p>Homozygous at the HLA site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    B Cell Light and Heavy Chains

    • The B cell light chain is found on chromosome 22.
    • B cell light chains recombine multiple genes, specifically 2 gene segments (V and J).
    • The heavy chain of a B cell is located on chromosome 14.
    • Heavy chains require recombination of multiple gene segments, including V, D, and J regions.

    Recombination Mechanics

    • Light chains undergo somatic recombination, allowing diverse antibody generation.
    • Heavy chains consist of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) regions.

    Antibody Characteristics

    • IgM is the first antibody expressed during B cell activation.
    • Membrane-bound antibodies on B cells are typically monomers of IgM.
    • Monomers composed of VJ and VDJ combinations contribute to the antibody's specificity.

    B Cell Characteristics

    • Most B cells remain inactivated but are capable of producing antibodies upon activation.
    • Light chains have a singular locus, while heavy chains have a larger diversity due to having 3 loci.
    • Enzymes involved in recombination recognize specific V (variable) and J (joining) regions of both light and heavy chains.

    Antibody Class Switching and Secretion

    • Class switching occurs in response to antigen presence, allowing for the production of various antibody classes.
    • The first antibody secreted when a B cell encounters its antigen is IgM, whereas IgG, IgE, and IgA are cleaved from the loci post-activation.

    Antibody-Heavy Chain Interactions

    • Any light chain can interact with any heavy chain, indicating a robust combinatorial diversity within the antibody repertoire.
    • In a vaccinated individual, core antigens can elicit a stronger immune response through memory B cells.

    T Cell Receptor (TCR) Specifics

    • T cell receptors are heterodimers always embedded in the membrane, comprising alpha and beta chains.
    • Binding regions of TCRs are located on the extracellular domains of the receptor.
    • The alpha chain of TCRs contains diversity genes, enhancing specificity.

    Superantigens and MHC Interaction

    • Superantigens bind to MHC class II molecules, causing toxic shock syndrome.
    • Endotoxic shock is instigated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

    APC Activation and T Cell Interaction

    • Activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) express co-stimulatory molecules and MHC complexes that provide signals for T cell activation.
    • CD4 helper T cells support B cells through cytokine release and co-stimulatory interactions.

    MHC Molecule Structure

    • MHC class I molecules possess three domains, while MHC class II molecules have two.
    • The peptide binding site of MHC II is formed by the alpha-1 and beta-1 domains.
    • MHC molecules are closed at their ends by structural components, ensuring stable antigen presentation.

    Transplant Biology

    • Individual with three HLA gene products has a likely non-typical inheritance pattern, such as a deletion or mutation.
    • The rejection of transplanted tissues can occur due to mismatched MHC molecules, which activate the recipient's immune response against the transplanted tissue.

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    Description

    Identify the chromosome where the B Cell light chain is located. This question is essential for understanding immunology and genetics. Knowledge of chromosomes and genetics is crucial in this field.

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