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Questions and Answers
Which type of antigens can the antigen receptors of B lymphocytes recognize?
Which type of antigens can the antigen receptors of B lymphocytes recognize?
- Proteins and nucleic acids only
- Lipids only
- Proteins only
- Proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and small molecules (correct)
What must happen for T lymphocytes to detect protein antigens?
What must happen for T lymphocytes to detect protein antigens?
- The antigens must be displayed on host cell surfaces bound to MHC molecules (correct)
- The antigens must be in the cytoplasm of host cells
- The antigens must be in soluble form
- The antigens must be released from host cells
What is the first step in cell-mediated immunity according to the passage?
What is the first step in cell-mediated immunity according to the passage?
- Detection of intracellular foreign antigens by T cells (correct)
- Recognition of antigens by antigen receptors
- Surface display of parts of microbes inside host cells
- Generation of humoral immune responses
What enables T cells to detect infected cells according to the passage?
What enables T cells to detect infected cells according to the passage?
What is the main function of MHC molecules?
What is the main function of MHC molecules?
How do rare naive lymphocytes locate and react rapidly to antigens?
How do rare naive lymphocytes locate and react rapidly to antigens?
Why might activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) be necessary in some cases?
Why might activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) be necessary in some cases?
What is the significance of MHC restriction in T cell recognition?
What is the significance of MHC restriction in T cell recognition?
What type of antigens do the majority of T lymphocytes recognize?
What type of antigens do the majority of T lymphocytes recognize?
What is the role of dendritic cells in presenting antigens to T cells?
What is the role of dendritic cells in presenting antigens to T cells?
What is needed to produce potent antibodies against a microbe that has entered the bloodstream?
What is needed to produce potent antibodies against a microbe that has entered the bloodstream?
What is the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?
What is the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?
What is the process described as a highly efficient process with a number of remarkable features?
What is the process described as a highly efficient process with a number of remarkable features?
What differentiates the immune system's reaction to the same microbe at different stages of its life cycle?
What differentiates the immune system's reaction to the same microbe at different stages of its life cycle?
What type of molecules do some small populations of T cells recognize?
What type of molecules do some small populations of T cells recognize?
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Study Notes
Antigens and Lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes can recognize soluble antigens and antigens on the surface of infected cells or on the surface of other cells.
Cell-Mediated Immunity
- For T lymphocytes to detect protein antigens, the antigens must be processed and presented to them by antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
- The first step in cell-mediated immunity is the processing and presentation of antigens by APCs.
T Cell Recognition
- T cells are able to detect infected cells because they can recognize antigens presented by infected cells' MHC molecules.
- MHC molecules enable T cells to detect infected cells by presenting antigens on their surface.
- The main function of MHC molecules is to present antigens to T cells.
Lymphocyte Activation
- Rare naive lymphocytes can locate and react rapidly to antigens through the process of clonal selection.
- Activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) may be necessary in some cases to eliminate infected cells.
T Cell Function
- The majority of T lymphocytes recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on the surface of infected cells.
- MHC restriction in T cell recognition is significant because it ensures that T cells only recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on the surface of infected cells.
- CD4+ T cells act as helper cells, while CD8+ T cells act as cytotoxic cells.
Antigen Presentation
- Dendritic cells play a key role in presenting antigens to T cells.
Antibody Production
- To produce potent antibodies against a microbe that has entered the bloodstream, antigens must be presented to B lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells.
Immune Response
- The process of adaptive immunity is a highly efficient process with a number of remarkable features.
- The immune system's reaction to the same microbe at different stages of its life cycle is differentiated by the specific antigens presented during each stage.
T Cell Subsets
- Some small populations of T cells recognize non-peptide antigens, such as lipids and glycolipids.
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