B and T Lymphocytes: Antigen Recognition
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Questions and Answers

Which type of antigens can the antigen receptors of B lymphocytes recognize?

  • Proteins and nucleic acids only
  • Lipids only
  • Proteins only
  • Proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and small molecules (correct)
  • What must happen for T lymphocytes to detect protein antigens?

  • The antigens must be displayed on host cell surfaces bound to MHC molecules (correct)
  • The antigens must be in the cytoplasm of host cells
  • The antigens must be in soluble form
  • The antigens must be released from host cells
  • What is the first step in cell-mediated immunity according to the passage?

  • Detection of intracellular foreign antigens by T cells (correct)
  • Recognition of antigens by antigen receptors
  • Surface display of parts of microbes inside host cells
  • Generation of humoral immune responses
  • What enables T cells to detect infected cells according to the passage?

    <p>Surface display of parts of microbes that get inside host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of MHC molecules?

    <p>Displaying peptide antigens for recognition by T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rare naive lymphocytes locate and react rapidly to antigens?

    <p>By the specialized system of capturing and displaying antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) be necessary in some cases?

    <p>To eliminate infected host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of MHC restriction in T cell recognition?

    <p>It allows T cells to recognize peptide antigens displayed by individual’s MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens do the majority of T lymphocytes recognize?

    <p>Protein antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dendritic cells in presenting antigens to T cells?

    <p>Initiating clonal expansion and differentiation of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is needed to produce potent antibodies against a microbe that has entered the bloodstream?

    <p>Activation of CD4+ helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells?

    <p>Recognizing peptides displayed by MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process described as a highly efficient process with a number of remarkable features?

    <p>The induction of immune responses by antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the immune system's reaction to the same microbe at different stages of its life cycle?

    <p>The location where the microbe has entered the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules do some small populations of T cells recognize?

    <p>Lipid antigens presented by class I MHC–like molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antigens and Lymphocytes

    • B lymphocytes can recognize soluble antigens and antigens on the surface of infected cells or on the surface of other cells.

    Cell-Mediated Immunity

    • For T lymphocytes to detect protein antigens, the antigens must be processed and presented to them by antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
    • The first step in cell-mediated immunity is the processing and presentation of antigens by APCs.

    T Cell Recognition

    • T cells are able to detect infected cells because they can recognize antigens presented by infected cells' MHC molecules.
    • MHC molecules enable T cells to detect infected cells by presenting antigens on their surface.
    • The main function of MHC molecules is to present antigens to T cells.

    Lymphocyte Activation

    • Rare naive lymphocytes can locate and react rapidly to antigens through the process of clonal selection.
    • Activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) may be necessary in some cases to eliminate infected cells.

    T Cell Function

    • The majority of T lymphocytes recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on the surface of infected cells.
    • MHC restriction in T cell recognition is significant because it ensures that T cells only recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on the surface of infected cells.
    • CD4+ T cells act as helper cells, while CD8+ T cells act as cytotoxic cells.

    Antigen Presentation

    • Dendritic cells play a key role in presenting antigens to T cells.

    Antibody Production

    • To produce potent antibodies against a microbe that has entered the bloodstream, antigens must be presented to B lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells.

    Immune Response

    • The process of adaptive immunity is a highly efficient process with a number of remarkable features.
    • The immune system's reaction to the same microbe at different stages of its life cycle is differentiated by the specific antigens presented during each stage.

    T Cell Subsets

    • Some small populations of T cells recognize non-peptide antigens, such as lipids and glycolipids.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the recognition of antigens by B and T lymphocytes and their antigen receptors. Learn about the types of antigens recognized by B lymphocytes and their role in humoral immune responses.

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