B-2 Physics Topic 2.4 Optics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the speed of light in a vacuum?

300,000 km/s (correct)

3.0 x 10^8 m/s

1.5 x 10^8 m/s

2.998 x 10^8 m/s (correct)

Which of the following is an indication that light has particle properties?

Light is affected by gravity (correct)

Light can be refracted

Light produces shadows

Light travels in straight lines

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum includes frequencies detectable by the human eye?

Ultraviolet light

Gamma rays

Visible light (correct)

Infrared light

What does the Quantum Theory suggest about light?

Light has both particle and wave properties Signup and view all the answers

Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency?

Gamma rays Signup and view all the answers

What is a property of light that indicates it behaves like a particle?

Light can exert a force Signup and view all the answers

What type of reflection occurs at plane surfaces?

Regular reflection Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the transmission of electromagnetic radiation?

A vacuum Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of reflection state?

The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon suggests that light travels in waves?

The Doppler effect (red shift) observed in stars. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light when it enters a denser medium?

It slows down and bends towards the normal. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates how much light will bend when passing through a substance?

The refractive index of the material. Signup and view all the answers

When light encounters a boundary that absorbs energy, what occurs?

The light is completely absorbed. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT support the wave nature of light?

Light traveling in straight lines. Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to when light waves are 'broken down into spectral components'?

Differentiation of wavelengths creating color. Signup and view all the answers

What causes light to change direction when it passes from one medium to another?

Refraction Signup and view all the answers

How does the angle of incidence affect the angle of refraction?

Increased angle of incidence increases refraction Signup and view all the answers

Which material has the highest index of refraction?

Diamond Signup and view all the answers

What is total internal reflection?

When 100% of light is reflected at or above the critical angle Signup and view all the answers

What effect does dispersion have on white light passing through a prism?

It separates colors by varying wavelengths Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the index of refraction is true?

It varies depending on the material and wavelength Signup and view all the answers

Which index of refraction corresponds to water?

1.33 Signup and view all the answers

What primarily determines the amount of refraction that occurs when light enters a material?

The density of the material and the angle of incidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of polarisation on light emerging from a slit?

It results in light that vibrates uniformly in one plane. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a second slit is aligned horizontally to a first slit that allows vertical vibrations?

No vibrations will get through the second slit. Signup and view all the answers

How do polarising sunglasses reduce glare?

By allowing vertical light waves and blocking horizontal ones. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a concave mirror's effect on light?

It focuses and converges the light. Signup and view all the answers

What defines the focal length of a mirror?

It is half the radius of curvature of the mirror. Signup and view all the answers

What type of mirror diverges light?

Convex mirror Signup and view all the answers

What type of surface does a plain mirror have?

Flat reflective surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition for light from infinity to focus in a mirror?

It is focused at a distance equal to the radius. Signup and view all the answers

What type of image can be projected onto a screen?

Real image Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a convex lens contributes to the formation of real images?

It inverts the image. Signup and view all the answers

When is a real image formed by a converging lens?

When the object is outside the focal length. Signup and view all the answers

What type of mirror is typically used for increased coverage in security applications?

Convex mirror Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of using a concave lens?

It produces a virtual image. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about virtual images is true?

They are formed by diverging lenses. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light rays when they pass through a concave lens?

They diverge from an imaginary focus. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of image formation, what will a convex mirror produce?

Virtual and upright image Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary issue with a convex lens that fails to focus light at a single point?

It results in spherical aberration and produces a blurred image. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a laser in optical fibre communications?

To switch on and off, sending digital bits at high speed. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about optical fibres is true?

They use total internal reflection to transmit light, even when bent. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result when the human eye does not focus images effectively?

Spectacles or corrective measures are typically required. Signup and view all the answers

Why are flexible plastic pipes with mirrored surfaces inefficient compared to real optical fibres?

They require intricate manufacturing and are bulky. Signup and view all the answers

How does the performance of a real optical fibre compare to a hypothetical mirrored tube?

Optical fibre allows for clearer transmission irrespective of distance. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to light in an optical fibre when it enters from one end?

It experiences total internal reflection. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of optical fibre communication technology?

It can carry multiple signals of different colors simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module: B-2 Physics, Topic 2.4 Optics

Electromagnetic Radiation and Light: Electromagnetic radiation is energy resulting from accelerating electric charges, creating electric and magnetic fields. It travels in waves with varying wavelengths and frequencies, all at the speed of light (2.998 x 10⁸ m/sec in a vacuum).
The Nature of Light:
- Quantum Theory suggests light exists in packets of energy (photons) having both wave and particle properties.
- Evidence for light as particles includes its interaction with gravity (bending around large planets), exerting a force (comet tail deflection), and generating a photoelectric effect.
- Evidence for light as waves includes reflection, refraction, dispersion (breaking down into spectral components, each with a different wavelength), and polarization (blocking of light waves in a single plane).
Reflection:
- Reflection is the bouncing of electromagnetic radiation off a surface.
- The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- This angle is measured with respect to a line perpendicular to the surface called the normal.
Refraction:
- The speed of light decreases in transparent substances (e.g., air, water, glass) compared to a vacuum.
- The refractive index of a substance indicates its density and how much light slows down and bends through it.
- The higher the refractive index, the denser the material, meaning light slows down and bends more
- Refraction changes the direction of light waves when they move between substances with different refractive indices. The deviation of light is dependent on the angle of incidence and the refractive indices of the materials.
- Refraction causes apparent shifts in objects viewed through mediums of different densities. (e.g., Fish in water)
Total Internal Reflection:
- When light travels from a denser to less dense medium, total internal reflection happens if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. This means 100% of the light is reflected, rather than refracted.
- This property is essential for fiber optic cable design
Optics:
- Mirrors:
  - Mirrors reflect light; flat mirrors reflect light at the same angle as it hits.
  - Curved mirrors (spherical) can be concave or convex. Concave mirrors focus light; convex mirrors spread light.
  - Focal length (f) of a curved mirror is related to its radius (R) as f = R/2
- Lenses:
  - Lenses are made of transparent material to refract light.
  - Converging (convex) lenses focus light; diverging (concave) lenses spread light.
  - Focal length determines how far parallel rays are focused.
- Types of Images:
  - Real images are formed where light actually converges and can be projected onto a screen. These are inverted.
  - Virtual images appear to converge but are not physically projected, are upright but diminished. Formed by diverging lenses.
Optical Fibre Communication:
- optical fibres are very thin, high quality glass tubes.
- Light can travel through the fibre over long distances even if the fibre curves or bends, as it experiences total internal reflection at the boundaries
- Lasers and other light sources are used to transmit signals that are sent through fiber optics
- multiple lasers carrying different colors can allow multiple signals to travel at once
- Optical fibres allow for rapid transmission of both analog and digital signals over considerable distances.
Dispersion: The different wavelengths in white light are refracted by different amounts as they pass through a prism, separating the component colors.
Polarization: Light vibrates in all directions. Polarized light vibrates in a single direction, and polarization filters can be used to block unwanted vibrations.

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Description

Test your understanding of electromagnetic radiation and the nature of light with this quiz from B-2 Physics Topic 2.4. Dive into concepts like reflection, refraction, and the dual wave-particle nature of light. Challenge yourself and deepen your knowledge of optics!