Azerbaijan History Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Determine compatibility

Zar cave = Lerik Qazma cave = Karabakh Buzeyr cave = Nakhchivan Taglar cave = Kalbajar

A similar aspect of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods:

  • agriculture being the main form of economy
  • making tools from stone (correct)
  • occurrence of social divisions of labor
  • using a bow and arrow

    • Which of the caves had been in Azerbaijan during the Middle Paleolithic period?

  • Alikomektepe and Taglar
  • Damcılı and Alikomektepe
  • Qazma and Taglar (correct)
  • Qazma and Alikomektepe

    • Where were the bones of domesticated horses discovered at the end of the 5th millennium BC?

    <p>Gazma in Nakhichevan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which period did Neanderthal men live?

    <p>The Middle Paleolithic Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the second half of 11th century, the lands of Azerbaijan were:

    <p>Part of the Seljuk Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the 12th century monuments:

    <p>The tomb of Momine Khatun in Nakhchivan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muhammad Jahan Pahlavan was the Hajib of the Seljuk Sultan.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The foundations of the Eldenizids (Atabeks) were laid:

    <p>When the Sultan Masud granted Arran to Shamsaddin Eldeniz as an iqta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Origin of the Mazyadis dynasty was:

    <p>Arabic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which year happened Baghdad battle?

    <p>In 1394</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Herāt treaty of 1459 was signed between

    <p>Jahanshah Qaraqoyunlu and Timurid Abu Said</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine the importance of Trapezund for Aghqoyunlus

    <p>It was the main access road to the Black sea for the Azerbaijan merchants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their chronological order:

    <p>Death of Qara Yusif = 2 Qaragoyunlu state ceased to exist = 1 Iskander attacked to Shirvan first time = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the villages?

    <p>kantkhudas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which battles are correctly matched with their corresponding years?

    <p>Aquen assembly - 371 year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the last representative of the Albanian Arsacids dynasty?

    <p>Vachagan III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was typical for the reign of Albanian king Esuagen?

    <p>Creation of the Albanian alphabet with 52 letters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their correct chronological sequence:

    <p>Participation of Albanian ruler Urnayr in battles of Amid and Dzirav = 1 Emergence of the Albanian alphabet of 52 letters = 2 The Council of Aghuen convoked by King Vachagan III = 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the official religion of the population in Northern Azerbaijan change? From ______, ______

    <p>Idolatry, Christianity, Islam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dynasty is missed among Aranshahids and Mihranids?

    <p>Arsacids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Christianity begin to spread in Albania?

    <p>At the beginning of the IV century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Khurram movement against?

    <p>Arab rule and feudal oppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The caliph al-Mansur was called 'father of money' due to his greed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was Babek executed? March 14 in ____

    <p>838</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for the rebellion in Zagatala region in 1863?

    <p>The colonial policy of tsarism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the most important change in the management of the Caucasus in 1844?

    <p>The Caucasian substitute was created</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When and by whom was the first Azerbaijani reading room organized in Baku?

    <p>In 1894 by N.Narimanov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the world's first oil tanker?

    <p>Zoroastr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Most of the South Caucasus came under the rule of the Russian Empire due to the Gulustan agreement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The territory of the first enterprise in Russia to refine copper was in which location?

    <p>Galakend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurred in the year of departure of the weight, size, and monetary units used during the period of khanates?

    <p>Agha and Beyler began to be called 'Ali Muslim silki'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main reason Tsarist Russia sought peace with the Qajars after capturing the Khanate of Guba and Baku was the inevitability of war with the Ottoman state.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Karabakh Khanate was established by ________.

    <p>Panahali Khan after the death of Nadir Shah</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main goal of Aga Mohammed Khan Qajar since the mid-1790s?

    <p>Establishment of power within the borders of the former Safavid empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treaty secured the semi-dependent position of Shirvan from the Ottoman state?

    <p>The Istanbul Treaty of 1724</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Russian Tsar Peter I's decree of 1724 provide?

    <p>Relocation of Armenians to the Caspian region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the goals of Peter the Great’s Caspian campaign in 1722-1723?

    <p>Lay hands on the natural wealth and trade routes of the region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to which agreement were all Azerbaijan and Georgia, including Yerevan, considered the sphere of influence of the Ottoman state, and the Caspian regions were considered the sphere of influence of Russia?

    <p>Istanbul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the Shah of Safavids taken captive by the Gilzayi Afghans in Isfahan?

    <p>Shah Sultan Huseyn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Specify the reign of Abbas II:

    <p>It was relatively peaceful</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Shah Abbas get back Iravan?

    <p>in 1604</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the villages?

    <p>kalantars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the city?

    <p>kantkhudas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the 'Qeysariyya' bazar located?

    <p>Tabriz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which taxes did people give in the second half of the XVII century?

    <p>Bahra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strengthening of the Safavid state at the end of 1590 - in the first quarter of 1600s is associated with the name of:

    <p>Shah Abbas I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relates to the battle of Qochisar:

    <p>Harput and Mosul passed to the Ottomans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reforms of Shah Abbas I include:

    <p>Providing opportunities to serve in the army for the representatives of non-Turk ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indicate the chronological sequence:

    <p>The battle on the Jabani field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the events, related to the reign of Shah Tahmasp I:

    <p>Elimination of the tamgha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not related to the reign of Shah Abbas?

    <p>Incorporation of Shirvan and Sheki to the Safavid empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Similarities between the Chyldyr, 'Torchlight,' and Sufiyan battles:

    <p>Occurred between the Ottomans and the Safavids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indicate the events that took place in the reign of Shah Ismail I:

    <p>Victory over the Sheybanids at the Battle of Marv</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choose the main goals of Shah Ismail I's European policy:

    <p>to purchase firearms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Paleolithic and Mesolithic Periods

    • During the Middle Paleolithic period, Qazma and Taglar caves were inhabited in Azerbaijan.
    • In the same period, Neanderthal men lived.
    • A similar aspect of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods is the making of tools from stone.
    • In the Mesolithic period, microliths (small stone tools) were used.

    Bronze Age

    • The city of Nakhchivan was founded in the Middle Bronze Age.
    • The Kur-Aras culture is synonymous with the Early Bronze Age.
    • During the Middle Bronze Age, new areas like gardening and horticulture emerged.
    • The Nakhchivan and colourful plates culture existed during this period.

    Paleolithic Period

    • The Lower Paleolithic period is characterized by the Azykh cave.
    • Sharp stone tools were used during this period.

    Prehistory

    • The term "prehistory" refers to the period from the use of the first stone tools to the invention of writing systems.
    • The Upper Paleolithic period is characterized by the existence of Homo Sapiens.

    States of Azerbaijan

    • The state of Manna was established in the 9th century BC.
    • The Manna state was included in the Midia state in 590 BC.
    • The state of Albania was established at the end of the 4th - beginning of the 3rd centuries BC.
    • The state of Atropatena was established in the 3rd century BC.
    • Atropatena joined the Sassanid state in 227 BC.

    Rulers of Manna

    • The rulers of Manna were: Iranzu, Aza, Ullusunu, Ahsheri, and Ualli.
    • Aza was the first ruler of Manna in 740-719 BC.

    Ancient Caucasian Albania

    • The capital cities of Manna, Atropatena, and the ancient Caucasian Albania were Izirty, Qazaka, and Qabala respectively.
    • The population of ancient Caucasian Albania worshiped different gods and goddesses, including the Lunar goddess Celena.
    • The ancient Caucasian Albania was located between the Caspian Sea and Iberia.

    Campaigns and Battles

    • The campaign of Alexander the Great took place in the 4th century BC.
    • The campaign of Roman commander Pompey took place in the 1st century BC.
    • The battle of Amid took place in 359 BC.
    • The battle of Dzirav took place in 371 BC.
    • The battle of Magnesia took place in 190 BC.

    Other Key Facts

    • The Gobustan inscription, left by a Roman legionnaire, mentions the name of Emperor Domitianus.
    • The Albanian king Orois fought against Pompey.
    • The Albanian king Zober was defeated by Canidius Crass.
    • The Albanian alphabet was created with 52 letters during the reign of Esuagen.
    • Christianity was declared as an official religion in Albania during the reign of Vachagan III.
    • The Aghuen church cathedral was convoked by King Vachagan III.
    • The Sassanid state was overthrown by the Arabs in 651 AD.
    • The Khurramite movement emerged in the 9th century AD.Here are the study notes based on the provided text:
    • Early History of Azerbaijan*
    • Javanshir was awarded the title of Patricius.
    • Capitals of the Sajis state: Maraga and Ardabil.
    • Yusuf Ibn Abu Saj refused to pay tribute to the caliphate treasury in 912.
    • The state of Shirvanshahs was ruled by the Mazyad dynasty from 861 to 1027.
    • States of Azerbaijan*
    • Eldenizids (Atabeks) state was established by Shamsaddin Eldeniz.
    • Ravvadis state was established in Ganja.
    • Shirvanshahs state was established in Shirvan.
    • Sajids state was established in Maraga and Ardabil.
    • Architectural Monuments*
    • Historical monuments of Azerbaijan:
      • Maiden's Tower
      • “Hasht-Behisht” palace complex
      • Shirvanshah Palace
    • 13-14th century monuments in Shirvan:
      • Ramana Fortress
      • Alinja Fortress
      • The palace complex of the Shirvanshahs
      • The fortress of Nardaran
    • Mongol Invasion*
    • Mongol invasion of Azerbaijan in 1220s.
    • Hulaguid state was established in Azerbaijan.
    • Ghazan Khan implemented reforms in the Hulaguid state, including:
      • Land reform (distribution of land iqta to Mongol warriors)
      • Tax reform (abolition of tax collection by local rulers)
      • Conversion to Islam
    • Turkic States*
    • Atabey state was established in Azerbaijan.
    • Jalayirids state was established in Azerbaijan.
    • Karakoyunlu state was established in Azerbaijan.
    • Aqkoyunlu state was established in Azerbaijan.
    • Important Figures*
    • Nasiraddin Tusi: a prominent Muslim astronomer and philosopher who built the Maragha Observatory.
    • Fazlallah Rashidaddin: a vizier of Ghazan Khan who played a significant role in implementing reforms.
    • Uzun Hasan: a ruler of the Aqkoyunlu state who implemented reforms and expanded the state's territories.
    • Battles and Wars*
    • The battle of Malatya (1468) was fought between the Aqkoyunlu and the Ottomans.
    • The battle of Chapakhcur (1387) was fought between the Aqkoyunlu and the Timurids.
    • The battle of Sardrud (1391) was fought between the Qaraqoyunlu and the Timurids.
    • Eras and Dates*
    • The 12th century: the time of the Seljuk Empire in Azerbaijan.
    • The 13th century: the time of the Mongol invasion and the establishment of the Hulaguid state.
    • The 14th century: the time of the Turkic states in Azerbaijan (Atabey, Jalayirids, Karakoyunlu, and Aqkoyunlu).

    Let me know if you'd like me to add or clarify anything!### Safavid Empire

    • 1459: The Herat treaty was signed.

    Rulers and Territories

    • Mehmet II: Signed the Herat treaty in 1459.
    • Jahanshah Qaraqoyunlu: Signed the Herat treaty in 1459.
    • Ibrahim I: Forced to leave Darband under pressure from Kara Yusif in 1470s.
    • Qara Yusif: Pressured Shirvanshah Ibrahim to leave Darband in 1470s.
    • Shah Abbas I: Led military operations against the Ottomans from 1603-1607, returned all lands of Azerbaijan, and established the troops of Ghulams.
    • Shah Ismail I: Established the Safavid Empire, captured Karahisar and Malatya in Anatolia in 1512, led the battle of Sharur in 1501, and established Azerbaijan as a Safavid state in 1501.
    • Shah Tahmasp I: Ruled from 1524-1576, eliminated the local ruling dynasties of the Shirvanshahs and the Sheki principality, and concluded the Amasya peace treaty with the Ottomans.

    Wars and Battles

    • Battle of Sharur (1501): Led by Shah Ismail I.
    • Battle of Almabulagi (1514): Led by Shah Ismail I.
    • Battle of Chaldiran (1514): Led by Shah Ismail I against Sultan Selim.
    • Battle of Qochisar (1515): Led by Shah Ismail I against the Ottomans.
    • Military operations (1603-1607): Led by Shah Abbas I against the Ottomans, resulting in the return of all lands of Azerbaijan.

    Treaties and Agreements

    • Peace treaty of Gasri-Shirin (1639): Lands to the east of the Zanjir fortress remained with the Safavids, Iraq and Baghdad remained with the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottomans had to pay a huge indemnity.
    • Sarab treaty (1612): Signed between the Safavids and the Ottomans.
    • Rasht treaty (1723): The lands to the south of the Kura River were returned to the Safavids.
    • Petersburg treaty (1723): The Caspian lands from Derbend to Gilan were transferred to Russia.

    Economy and Society

    • Taxation: Jizya tax was cancelled by Nadir Shah in 1736-1739 from non-Muslims.
    • Trade: The commodity-money turnover was disrupted in the late 1600s - early 1700s.
    • Agriculture: Application of money tax was a feature of agriculture in North Azerbaijan in the 30-50s of the 19th century.

    Administrative Divisions

    • Beglerbegi: The Safavid Empire was divided into beglerbegi in the second half of the 17th century.
    • Kantkhudas: Led the villages.
    • Kalantars: Led the cities.

    Events and Dates

    • 1501: Shah Ismail I established the Safavid state.
    • 1508-1510: The Safavids captured all of Iran and Iraq except for Khorasan.
    • 1514: Shah Ismail I led the battle of Chaldiran against Sultan Selim.
    • 1556: Shah Tahmasp I ruled from 1524-1576.
    • 1604: Shah Abbas I returned Iravan.
    • 1605: Shah Abbas I led military operations against the Ottomans.
    • 1612: The Sarab treaty was signed.
    • 1639: The peace treaty of Gasri-Shirin was signed.
    • 1736-1739: Nadir Shah cancelled the Jizya tax from non-Muslims.
    • 1723: The Rasht treaty was signed.
    • 1724: The Istanbul treaty was signed.

    Miscellaneous

    • Qizilbashes: Also known as "men of the sword" in the Safavid court.
    • Vakf: Lands belonging to Muslim clergymen.

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