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Questions and Answers

What characterizes frailty in older adults?

Permanent loss of function due to injury
Increased cardiovascular stamina
Loss of ability to withstand minor stresses (correct)
Inability to perform daily activities

What common problem is particularly relevant for frail older adults?

Dermatological issues
Falls (correct)
Infectious diseases
Vision impairment

Which assessment parameter is NOT part of evaluating frailty?

Cognitive function
Nutritional status
Cardiorespiratory function
Vision tests (correct)

Which factor is important to assess in older patients with recurrent falls?

<p>Osteoporosis risk factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'disability' refer to in the context of geriatrics?

<p>The established loss of function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a main cause of falls in older adults?

<p>Frequent exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a major cause of repeated falls that can be treated?

<p>Postural hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is NOT recommended to prevent falls?

<p>Increased sedation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment for osteoporosis?

<p>Bisphosphonates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by acute loss of consciousness associated with cognitive changes?

<p>Delirium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT a predisposing factor for delirium?

<p>Regular exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of liver cirrhosis in Egypt?

<p>Chronic hepatitis C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is beneficial for managing urinary incontinence?

<p>Pelvic floor training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Geriatric Medicine

Medical specialty focusing on the health of older adults, especially those with reduced physiological capacity and multiple medical conditions.

Frailty

Loss of ability to withstand minor stresses due to reduced organ system reserves, making older adults vulnerable to disability and death.

Frailty vs. Disability

Frailty is the vulnerability to disability, while disability is an established loss of function (e.g., fracture, stroke). Frailty precedes and may lead to disability.

Falls in Geriatrics

Common health problems in older adults, often a sign of underlying acute conditions like stroke or heart attack, and associated with osteoporosis risk.

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Assessment of Frailty

Evaluating frailty through cardiorespiratory function, cognitive function, gait/balance, nutritional status, and musculoskeletal function.

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Causes of Falls

Muscle weakness, falls history, gait/balance problems, walking aids use, visual impairment, arthritis, depression, cognitive decline, age over 80, and psychotropic medications are all factors correlated with falls.

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Fall Prevention Interventions

Addressing falls includes individualized/group exercise training, medication adjustments (especially psychotropics), correcting vision problems, assessing & educating on home safety, treating cardiovascular issues (like postural hypotension).

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Postural Hypotension

Low blood pressure upon standing, causing dizziness and falls. It's treatable.

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Osteoporosis Treatment

For osteoporosis, treatment includes calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates.

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Delirium Causes

Delirium is an acute loss of consciousness/cognition changes with predisposing factors like dementia, infections, surgery, alcoholism, physical illness, frailty, poor vision, too many drugs (polypharmacy), and kidney issues.

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Urinary Incontinence Causes

Distressing in old age, with contributing factors including diuretic use, high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), high calcium (hypercalcemia), delirium, uterine issues (women), and constipation.

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Cirrhosis Causes

Chronic liver disease's end result, often due to hepatitis C or B, alcohol abuse, and other liver conditions in Egypt.

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Cirrhosis Treatment

Liver transplantation is often the sole cure for end-stage liver disease or related complications.

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