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Questions and Answers
What does a flowchart primarily represent?
What does a flowchart primarily represent?
Which symbol in a flowchart indicates an input operation?
Which symbol in a flowchart indicates an input operation?
What is the purpose of using different symbols in a flowchart?
What is the purpose of using different symbols in a flowchart?
What does a diamond symbol represent in a flowchart?
What does a diamond symbol represent in a flowchart?
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In a flowchart, what does the oval symbol denote?
In a flowchart, what does the oval symbol denote?
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What is the primary purpose of the flow line in a program diagram?
What is the primary purpose of the flow line in a program diagram?
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How is the final grade calculated based on the marks provided?
How is the final grade calculated based on the marks provided?
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What does the algorithm output if the calculated grade is 45?
What does the algorithm output if the calculated grade is 45?
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In the context of the example algorithm, what does 'I: EP' represent?
In the context of the example algorithm, what does 'I: EP' represent?
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Which statement about the use of the IF/THEN/ELSE construct in the algorithm is true?
Which statement about the use of the IF/THEN/ELSE construct in the algorithm is true?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title: PRL1013 Problem Solving in Computing
- Learning Unit 3: Designing the Solution
- Course Instructors: Michelle Anak George, Eaqerzilla Phang, Dr Sinarwati Binti Mohamad Suhaili
Agenda
- Flowchart
- Pseudocode
- Algorithm
What is a Flowchart
- A flowchart is a schematic representation of a sequence of operations in a computer program or manufacturing process.
- It's a graphical representation of the sequence of steps in an information system or program.
- Information system flowcharts show the flow of data from source documents through the computer to users.
- Program flowcharts illustrate the sequence of instructions within a single program or subroutine.
- Several symbols are used to represent different actions in the flowchart.
The Flowchart
- A flowchart displays the logic of an algorithm and the interactions between different steps.
- Flowcharts specifically emphasize the step-by-step interactions between individual steps or actions, and the connections between them, explaining the control flow from one action to the next.
Flowchart Symbols - Basic
- Oval: Denotes the beginning or end of a program.
- Parallelogram: Represents an input operation.
- Rectangle: Indicates a process, such as addition, subtraction, or division.
- Diamond: Indicates a decision point; the program branches to one of two routes.
- Hybrid: Represents an output operation.
- Flow line: Shows the direction of logical flow in the program.
Example Scenario 1
- An algorithm to determine a student's final grade (calculated as the average of four marks), and whether it is passing or failing.
Example Solution 1
- Step 1: Input four marks (M1, M2, M3, M4).
- Step 2: Calculate the grade as the average of the four marks. (GRADE = (M1 + M2 + M3 + M4)/4)
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Step 3: Check if the grade is less than 50.
- If yes, print "FAIL".
- If no, print "PASS".
Example Scenario 2
- Write an algorithm and flowchart to convert length in feet to centimeters.
- Pseudocode:
- Input the length in feet (Lft).
- Calculate the length in centimeters (Lcm) by multiplying Lft by 30.
- Print the length in centimeters (Lcm).
Example Solution 2
- Step 1: Input Lft.
- Step 2: Calculate Lcm by multiplying Lft by 30.
- Step 3: Print Lcm.
Example Solution 3
- Algorithm for Finding Area of a Rectangle:
- Step 1: Input the Width (W) and Length (L) of the rectangle.
- Step 2: Calculate the area (A) by multiplying L with W. (A = L x W)
- Step 3: Print the area A
Flowcharts (General)
- Flowcharts are graphical representations of step-by-step solutions.
- They use different geometrical shapes for various steps (e.g., start/end, input/output, process, decision).
- Flowcharts are connected with flow lines to illustrate the sequence of operations.
- They are an alternative method to pseudocode, where pseudocode is textual, flowcharts are visual.
Flowchart Symbols (Specific)
- Terminal: Marks the start and end of an algorithm.
- Process: Represents a general step in an algorithm.
- Input/Output: Used for input or output operations.
- Disk Storage I/O: Represents data input or output from the disk.
- Printer Output: Shows hard copy printer output.
- Selection: Represents a decision-making point with two possible paths (if/else).
- Off-page Connector: For continuing logic across multiple pages.
- On-page Connector: For continuing from one point in the same flowchart page.
- Flow Lines: Indicate the sequence in the algorithm.
Additional details from the flowchart examples
- Basic flowchart structures are: sequence, selection, repetition
- Example flowcharts provide visual solutions for various algorithmic problems.
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