60 Questions
When examining the eye, if the patients eyelid margins approximate completely, what does this assessment finding indicate?
It is expected.
During ocular examinations, how is movement of the extraocular muscles stimulated?
Stimulated by CNs III, IV, and VI.
When performing an external eye examination, which statement regarding the outer layer of the eye is true?
The outer layer of the eye is very sensitive to touch.
What does a visual acuity of 20/30 on the Snellen chart indicate?
The person can read at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can read at 30 feet
What does a visual acuity of 20/80 in each eye indicate?
Poor vision
What is the purpose of shortening the distance when a patient is unable to read the largest letters on the Snellen chart?
To record the distance at which the letters are seen
What is a normal finding for the diagnostic positions test?
Parallel movement of both eyes
What may be observed in the sclera of dark-skinned people as an expected finding during an assessment?
Small brown macules
How should the reflection of light on the corneas appear?
Symmetric
How should the nurse check for ptosis of one eye?
By observing the distance between the palpebral fissures
What is the potential significance of floaters or spots moving in front of the eyes?
Indicative of retinal detachment
What is the most accurate measure of visual acuity?
The Snellen alphabet chart
What does the top number in a visual acuity measurement indicate?
The distance the person is standing from the chart
What may periorbital edema indicate?
Heart failure, renal failure, allergy, and hypothyroidism
What does assessing for shadows when light is directed across the iris indicate?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
What does anisocoria indicate?
Central nervous system disease
What may indicate signs of retinal detachment?
Shadows or diminished vision in one quadrant or one half of the visual field
What is indicative of a hordeolum (stye)?
A painful, red, and swollen pustule at the lid margin
What does loss of central vision but normal peripheral vision suggest?
Macular degeneration
What does corneal abrasion cause in reflected light?
Irregular ridges, producing a shattered appearance to light rays
What should pupillary constriction be in older adults?
Symmetric
Is periorbital edema associated with blepharitis?
No
What may the presence of shadows in the anterior chamber be a sign of?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
What is anisocoria characterized by?
Pupils of unequal size
When assessing the lacrimal apparatus, which of the following is a normal finding?
Tears flowing onto the cheek when pressing the puncta
When examining a patient's retina with an ophthalmoscope, what color should the optic disc be?
Yellow-orange color
At what age can an infant fixate on an object?
By 2 to 4 weeks
When is color vision tested in boys using the Ishihara test?
Between the ages of 4 and 8 years
How is testing for strabismus done?
Performing the corneal light reflex test and the cover test
What is a normal reflection of the ophthalmoscope light off the inner retina?
Red glow
What is a normal finding for the accommodation response?
Convergence of the axes of the eyes
How should the nurse assess for ptosis?
By assessing the distance between the upper and lower eyelids
What should the nurse observe when assessing the pupillary light reflex?
Direct and consensual pupillary constriction
What should the nurse consider when examining an 80-year-old patient?
Presbyopia and reduced visual fields
What is the purpose of the corneal light reflex test?
To test for strabismus
What is the normal response when examining the diagnostic positions test?
Normal extraocular muscle movement
What is the main function of the retina?
Converting light waves into nerve impulses
Which nerve stimulation occurs when the outer eye surface is stimulated?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the main determinant of intraocular pressure?
Amount of aqueous produced and resistance to its outflow
What is the normal response of the pupil to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?
Dilation
What is the phenomenon of visual accommodation?
Pupillary constriction when looking at a near object
At what age should infants establish binocularity and fixate simultaneously on a single image with both eyes?
3-4 months
What is responsible for decreased near vision abilities in presbyopia?
Loss of lens elasticity
What occurs when bright light shines on the retina?
Normal constriction of pupils
What is the role of the choroid in the eye?
Supplying blood to the retina
What is the effect of stimulation of the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve?
Occur when the outer eye surface is stimulated
What is the image formed on the retina?
Upside down and reversed from its actual appearance
What is the function of the outer layer of the eye, including the cornea and sclera?
Being touch-sensitive
Which layer of the eye has pigmentation to prevent internal light reflection?
Choroid
Which nerve is stimulated when the outer eye surface is stimulated?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What causes pupil dilation and eyelid elevation?
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
What determines intraocular pressure?
Amount of aqueous humor produced
What is the normal response of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina?
Pupillary constriction
What is responsible for decreased near vision abilities in presbyopia?
Lens losing elasticity
Which layer of the eye changes light waves into nerve impulses?
Inner layer
What is the function of visual accommodation?
Adjusting the lens shape to focus on near objects
At what age should infants establish binocularity and fixate simultaneously on a single image with both eyes?
3-4 months
Which nerve is responsible for stimulating pupil constriction when looking at a near object?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
What is the image formed on the retina in relation to its actual appearance?
Upside down and reversed
Which part of the eye is touch-sensitive?
Cornea
Study Notes
Eye Anatomy and Physiology Summary
- The eye's visual receptive layer changes light waves into nerve impulses
- The outer layer is made up of the cornea and sclera, with the cornea being touch-sensitive
- The middle layer, choroid, has pigmentation to prevent internal light reflection
- Stimulation of trigeminal nerve (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII) occurs when the outer eye surface is stimulated
- The retina, in the inner layer, changes light waves into nerve impulses
- Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes pupil dilation and eyelid elevation
- Intraocular pressure is determined by the amount of aqueous produced and resistance to its outflow
- The image formed on the retina is upside down and reversed from its actual appearance
- Visual accommodation refers to pupillary constriction when looking at a near object
- Pupillary light reflex is the normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on the retina
- By 3-4 months, infants should establish binocularity and fixate simultaneously on a single image with both eyes
- Presbyopia, a condition where the lens loses elasticity, is responsible for decreased near vision abilities
Explore the key structures and functions of the eye, including the cornea, sclera, choroid, retina, and more. Learn about visual accommodation, pupillary light reflex, and the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the eye. Understand how intraocular pressure is regulated and the development of binocularity in infants.
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