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Questions and Answers

When examining the eye, if the patients eyelid margins approximate completely, what does this assessment finding indicate?

  • May indicate a problem with extraocular muscles.
  • Indicates increased intraocular pressure.
  • It is expected. (correct)
  • May result in problems with tearing.

    • During ocular examinations, how is movement of the extraocular muscles stimulated?

  • Stimulated by CNs III, IV, and VI. (correct)
  • Impaired in a patient with cataracts.
  • Decreased in the older adult.
  • Stimulated by cranial nerves (CNs) I and II.

    • When performing an external eye examination, which statement regarding the outer layer of the eye is true?

  • The outer layer of the eye is insensitive to light.
  • The outer layer of the eye is very sensitive to touch. (correct)
  • The trigeminal nerve (CN V) and the trochlear nerve (CN IV) are stimulated when the outer surface is.
  • The outer layer of the eye is darkly pigmented to prevent light from reflecting internally.

    • What does a visual acuity of 20/30 on the Snellen chart indicate?

    <p>The person can read at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can read at 30 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a visual acuity of 20/80 in each eye indicate?

    <p>Poor vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of shortening the distance when a patient is unable to read the largest letters on the Snellen chart?

    <p>To record the distance at which the letters are seen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal finding for the diagnostic positions test?

    <p>Parallel movement of both eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be observed in the sclera of dark-skinned people as an expected finding during an assessment?

    <p>Small brown macules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the reflection of light on the corneas appear?

    <p>Symmetric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the nurse check for ptosis of one eye?

    <p>By observing the distance between the palpebral fissures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential significance of floaters or spots moving in front of the eyes?

    <p>Indicative of retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate measure of visual acuity?

    <p>The Snellen alphabet chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the top number in a visual acuity measurement indicate?

    <p>The distance the person is standing from the chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may periorbital edema indicate?

    <p>Heart failure, renal failure, allergy, and hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does assessing for shadows when light is directed across the iris indicate?

    <p>Acute angle-closure glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anisocoria indicate?

    <p>Central nervous system disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may indicate signs of retinal detachment?

    <p>Shadows or diminished vision in one quadrant or one half of the visual field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicative of a hordeolum (stye)?

    <p>A painful, red, and swollen pustule at the lid margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does loss of central vision but normal peripheral vision suggest?

    <p>Macular degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does corneal abrasion cause in reflected light?

    <p>Irregular ridges, producing a shattered appearance to light rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should pupillary constriction be in older adults?

    <p>Symmetric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is periorbital edema associated with blepharitis?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may the presence of shadows in the anterior chamber be a sign of?

    <p>Acute angle-closure glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anisocoria characterized by?

    <p>Pupils of unequal size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing the lacrimal apparatus, which of the following is a normal finding?

    <p>Tears flowing onto the cheek when pressing the puncta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When examining a patient's retina with an ophthalmoscope, what color should the optic disc be?

    <p>Yellow-orange color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can an infant fixate on an object?

    <p>By 2 to 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is color vision tested in boys using the Ishihara test?

    <p>Between the ages of 4 and 8 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is testing for strabismus done?

    <p>Performing the corneal light reflex test and the cover test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal reflection of the ophthalmoscope light off the inner retina?

    <p>Red glow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal finding for the accommodation response?

    <p>Convergence of the axes of the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the nurse assess for ptosis?

    <p>By assessing the distance between the upper and lower eyelids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse observe when assessing the pupillary light reflex?

    <p>Direct and consensual pupillary constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse consider when examining an 80-year-old patient?

    <p>Presbyopia and reduced visual fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the corneal light reflex test?

    <p>To test for strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal response when examining the diagnostic positions test?

    <p>Normal extraocular muscle movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the retina?

    <p>Converting light waves into nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve stimulation occurs when the outer eye surface is stimulated?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main determinant of intraocular pressure?

    <p>Amount of aqueous produced and resistance to its outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal response of the pupil to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon of visual accommodation?

    <p>Pupillary constriction when looking at a near object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should infants establish binocularity and fixate simultaneously on a single image with both eyes?

    <p>3-4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for decreased near vision abilities in presbyopia?

    <p>Loss of lens elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when bright light shines on the retina?

    <p>Normal constriction of pupils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the choroid in the eye?

    <p>Supplying blood to the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stimulation of the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve?

    <p>Occur when the outer eye surface is stimulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the image formed on the retina?

    <p>Upside down and reversed from its actual appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the outer layer of the eye, including the cornea and sclera?

    <p>Being touch-sensitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the eye has pigmentation to prevent internal light reflection?

    <p>Choroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is stimulated when the outer eye surface is stimulated?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve (CN V)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes pupil dilation and eyelid elevation?

    <p>Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines intraocular pressure?

    <p>Amount of aqueous humor produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal response of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina?

    <p>Pupillary constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for decreased near vision abilities in presbyopia?

    <p>Lens losing elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the eye changes light waves into nerve impulses?

    <p>Inner layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of visual accommodation?

    <p>Adjusting the lens shape to focus on near objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age should infants establish binocularity and fixate simultaneously on a single image with both eyes?

    <p>3-4 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for stimulating pupil constriction when looking at a near object?

    <p>Oculomotor nerve (CN III)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the image formed on the retina in relation to its actual appearance?

    <p>Upside down and reversed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the eye is touch-sensitive?

    <p>Cornea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eye Anatomy and Physiology Summary

    • The eye's visual receptive layer changes light waves into nerve impulses
    • The outer layer is made up of the cornea and sclera, with the cornea being touch-sensitive
    • The middle layer, choroid, has pigmentation to prevent internal light reflection
    • Stimulation of trigeminal nerve (CN V) and facial nerve (CN VII) occurs when the outer eye surface is stimulated
    • The retina, in the inner layer, changes light waves into nerve impulses
    • Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes pupil dilation and eyelid elevation
    • Intraocular pressure is determined by the amount of aqueous produced and resistance to its outflow
    • The image formed on the retina is upside down and reversed from its actual appearance
    • Visual accommodation refers to pupillary constriction when looking at a near object
    • Pupillary light reflex is the normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on the retina
    • By 3-4 months, infants should establish binocularity and fixate simultaneously on a single image with both eyes
    • Presbyopia, a condition where the lens loses elasticity, is responsible for decreased near vision abilities

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    Description

    Explore the key structures and functions of the eye, including the cornea, sclera, choroid, retina, and more. Learn about visual accommodation, pupillary light reflex, and the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on the eye. Understand how intraocular pressure is regulated and the development of binocularity in infants.

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