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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of obstructive (resorption) atelectasis?

  • Lung fibrosis
  • Circulating blood reabsorbing gas from alveoli (correct)
  • Fluid in the pleural cavity
  • Tracheal deviation

Which clinical feature is associated with atelectasis?

  • Increased breath sounds
  • Cyanosis and dullness to percussion (correct)
  • Hyperventilation
  • Wheezing on expiration

Which of the following is not a type of atelectasis mentioned?

  • Obstructive atelectasis
  • Cicatricial atelectasis
  • Infiltrative atelectasis (correct)
  • Non-obstructive atelectasis

What is a common treatment for atelectasis?

<p>Chest physiotherapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers non-obstructive atelectasis due to compression?

<p>Pulmonary or pleural fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is typically used for evaluating atelectasis?

<p>Arterial blood gas evaluation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to obstructive atelectasis in patients with bronchial asthma?

<p>Mucus plugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by which major feature?

<p>Severe acute pulmonary edema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of atelectasis results from obstruction of a lobar bronchus?

<p>Lobar atelectasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily absorbed from the alveoli following bronchial obstruction?

<p>Gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mediastinum during lobar atelectasis?

<p>It shifts towards the affected lung (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is categorized as compression atelectasis?

<p>Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity (C), Air within the pleural cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of contraction atelectasis?

<p>Fibrosis leading to permanent lung volume decrease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is most likely to lead to compression atelectasis?

<p>Prolonged bedrest without movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the diaphragm to elevate in cases of atelectasis?

<p>Retracted lung due to gas absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lung areas are typically collapsed in the case of lobar atelectasis?

<p>Left lung and lower lobes of the right lung (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of surfactant in the lungs?

<p>Decreases surface tension in the small airways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age does surfactant synthesis begin in utero?

<p>28 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with the development of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?

<p>Chronic hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio in patients with RDS?

<p>&lt; 1.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of pulmonary edema related to cardiovascular health?

<p>Left ventricular dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by excessive accumulation of fluid in the alveoli?

<p>Pulmonary edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in pulmonary edema?

<p>Increased pulmonary venous pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication associated with RDS?

<p>Blindness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common result of microvascular injury associated pulmonary edema?

<p>Increased inflammatory exudate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with a higher risk of hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

<p>Congestive heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic finding in the histology of hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

<p>Hemosiderin-laden macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly experienced by patients with hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

<p>Frothy sputum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury can lead to microvascular injury associated pulmonary edema?

<p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the lungs is edema most likely to accumulate in hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

<p>Basal regions of lower lobes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inadequacy is a consequence of respiratory impairment due to pulmonary edema?

<p>Decreased oxygen transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct cause of microvascular injury associated pulmonary edema?

<p>Viral upper respiratory infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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