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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of obstructive (resorption) atelectasis?

  • Lung fibrosis
  • Circulating blood reabsorbing gas from alveoli (correct)
  • Fluid in the pleural cavity
  • Tracheal deviation
  • Which clinical feature is associated with atelectasis?

  • Increased breath sounds
  • Cyanosis and dullness to percussion (correct)
  • Hyperventilation
  • Wheezing on expiration
  • Which of the following is not a type of atelectasis mentioned?

  • Obstructive atelectasis
  • Cicatricial atelectasis
  • Infiltrative atelectasis (correct)
  • Non-obstructive atelectasis
  • What is a common treatment for atelectasis?

    <p>Chest physiotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers non-obstructive atelectasis due to compression?

    <p>Pulmonary or pleural fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is typically used for evaluating atelectasis?

    <p>Arterial blood gas evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to obstructive atelectasis in patients with bronchial asthma?

    <p>Mucus plugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by which major feature?

    <p>Severe acute pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of atelectasis results from obstruction of a lobar bronchus?

    <p>Lobar atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily absorbed from the alveoli following bronchial obstruction?

    <p>Gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mediastinum during lobar atelectasis?

    <p>It shifts towards the affected lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is categorized as compression atelectasis?

    <p>Accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of contraction atelectasis?

    <p>Fibrosis leading to permanent lung volume decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is most likely to lead to compression atelectasis?

    <p>Prolonged bedrest without movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the diaphragm to elevate in cases of atelectasis?

    <p>Retracted lung due to gas absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung areas are typically collapsed in the case of lobar atelectasis?

    <p>Left lung and lower lobes of the right lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of surfactant in the lungs?

    <p>Decreases surface tension in the small airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what gestational age does surfactant synthesis begin in utero?

    <p>28 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with the development of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)?

    <p>Chronic hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio in patients with RDS?

    <p>&lt; 1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of pulmonary edema related to cardiovascular health?

    <p>Left ventricular dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excessive accumulation of fluid in the alveoli?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in pulmonary edema?

    <p>Increased pulmonary venous pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication associated with RDS?

    <p>Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common result of microvascular injury associated pulmonary edema?

    <p>Increased inflammatory exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with a higher risk of hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic finding in the histology of hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

    <p>Hemosiderin-laden macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly experienced by patients with hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

    <p>Frothy sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury can lead to microvascular injury associated pulmonary edema?

    <p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the lungs is edema most likely to accumulate in hemodynamic pulmonary edema?

    <p>Basal regions of lower lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inadequacy is a consequence of respiratory impairment due to pulmonary edema?

    <p>Decreased oxygen transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a direct cause of microvascular injury associated pulmonary edema?

    <p>Viral upper respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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